Adiponectin Controls Nutrient Availability in Hypothalamic Astrocytes

Abstract

Adiponectin, an adipose tissue-derived hormone, plays integral roles in lipid and glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues, such as the skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver. Moreover, it has also been shown to have an impact on metabolic processes in the central nervous system. Astrocytes comprise the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system and actively participate in metabolic processes between blood vessels and neurons. However, the ability of adiponectin to control nutrient metabolism in astrocytes has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of adiponectin on multiple metabolic processes in hypothalamic astrocytes. Adiponectin enhanced glucose uptake, glycolytic processes and fatty acid oxidation in cultured primary hypothalamic astrocytes. In line with these findings, we also found that adiponectin treatment effectively enhanced synthesis and release of monocarboxylates. Overall, these data suggested that adiponectin triggers catabolic processes in astrocytes, thereby enhancing nutrient availability in the hypothalamus.

Differential Response of Hippocampal and Cerebrocortical Autophagy and Ketone Body Metabolism to the Ketogenic Diet

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Metabolic Profiling of the Hypothalamus of Mice during Short-Term Food Deprivation

“…Changes in the physical transportation and biochemical processes of fuel sources in the vessel–astrocyte-neurons axis of the hypothalamus are important in the hypothalamic circuit regulating whole-body energy metabolism. Considerable effort has been made to unveil the functional role of hypothalamic astrocytes in the hypothalamic control of energy metabolism [ 6 , 7 , 10 , 11 , 23 , 24 ]. For instance, the modification of glucose and fatty acid availability in hypothalamic astrocytes altered the susceptibility to obesity development in association with altered activities of hunger- and satiety-regulating neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus [ 6 , 7 ].…”

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