Adiponectin, Leptin, and Leptin Receptor in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Insulin Detemir

Abstract

The aim of the present study is to quantitatively assess the expression of selected regulatory molecules, such as leptin, leptin receptor, and adiponectin in the blood of obese patients with type 2 diabetes both before treatment and after six months of pharmacological therapy with the long-lasting insulin analogue, insulin detemir. A significant decrease in the analysed regulatory molecules, i.e., leptin receptor and adiponectin, was found in blood plasma of the patients with untreated type 2 diabetes. These changes were accompanied by an increase in plasma leptin concentrations. Insulin treatment resulted in the normalization of plasma leptin receptor and adiponectin concentrations. The circulating leptin level did not change following anti-diabetic therapy with insulin detemir. Gender was a significant factor modifying the circulating level of all the analysed regulatory active compounds. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using Matlab with the Signal Processing Toolbox. The conducted discriminant analysis revealed that the leptin receptor, Δw(19), and adiponectin, Δw(21), were the parameters undergoing the most significant quantitative changes during the six-month therapy with insulin detemir. The conducted examinations indicated the contribution of adipocytokines—the biologically-active mediators of systemic metabolism, such as leptin and adiponectin in the pathomechanism of disorders being the basis for obesity which leads to development of insulin resistance, which, in turn, results in the occurrence of type 2 diabetes.

Comparative medical characteristics of ZDF‐T2DM rats during the course of development to late stage disease

“…Additionally, mutual regulation occurs between leptin, adiponectin, and insulin. Leptin inhibits the secretion of insulin in peripheral tissues, whereas adiponectin improves insulin sensitivity . The expression levels of leptin and adiponectin measured using ELISA were significantly reduced in the T2DM group.…”

Serum leptin and leptin resistance correlations with NAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes

“…The results indicated increased serum leptin levels with longer diabetes duration, which also correlated positively with leptin resistance, and this might be relevant for the pathogenesis/progression of T2D. Leptin levels have been previously shown to be higher in T2D patients than healthy controls and to be predictors for the risk of developing diabetes . A strong inverse correlation between serum leptin and sObR concentrations was also noted, possibly indicative of a reciprocal interaction: hyperleptinemia may down‐regulate sObR, while sObR may change leptin clearance and half‐life .…”

“…Leptin levels have been previously shown to be higher in T2D patients than healthy controls and to be predictors for the risk of developing diabetes. 25,26 A strong inverse correlation between serum leptin and sObR concentrations was also noted, possibly indicative of a reciprocal interaction: hyperleptinemia may down-regulate sObR, while sObR may change leptin clearance and half-life. [27][28][29] Moreover, gender-specific differences in leptin/leptin-receptor system were observed, as females had higher leptin and lower sObR concentrations, and were more leptin resistant/less leptin sensitive.…”

Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs9891119 of STAT3 Gene and the Genetic Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese Han Population from Guangdong

“…Leptin is a hormone produced primarily in the adipocytes of the white adipose tissue [3] and is the key biomarker of the adipose tissue [4], which is closely related to obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome [5][6][7][8]. e study found that elevated serum leptin levels contribute to the development of metabolic complications of obesity, especially diabetes and insulin resistance [9][10][11][12].…”