Adipoparacrinology: periprostatic adipose tissue as an example

Abstract

The global epidemic of obesity (globesity) and related cardiometabolic and cancer diseases has focused attention on adipose tissue biology and the role played by adipose-secreted bioactive molecules (adipokines, neurotrophic factors, fatty acids, prostaglandins, steroid hormones, vitamin D3, NO, H2S) in the regulation of a wide array of physiological and pathological processes. Until recently, physicians have looked upon obesity as an accumulation of external adipose tissue (subcutaneous and abdominal). This was routinely evaluated by anthropometric measurements including body mass index and waist, hip and, recently, neck circumference. However, recent data using non-invasive imaging methods (echography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography), reveal a novel picture of adipotopography (fat mapping). Together with secretory functions, such a topography has been conceptualized as two major subfields of adipobiology, adipoendocrinology and adipoparacrinology. Here we introduce periprostatic adipose tissue as an example of adipoparacrinology of prostate cancer; its implication in the therapy is also outlined.

The Adipose Mast Cell: Mastokines As Binary Modulators Of Disease Processes

“…cancer pharmacotherapy as discussed previously (6,46). Notably, NGF can be produced by both mast cells (27,28) and adipocytes (10,23,24,46). Together these findings open possibilities for an adipose NGF-mast cell-oriented therapy of breast and prostate cancer, and pressingly call for specific studies on adipopharmacology of these neoplastic disorders (31-33, 46, 47, 51).…”

“…These data suggest a novel, NGFmediated mechanism in the action of an old drug, tamoxifen, in breast (and prostate?) cancer pharmacotherapy as discussed previously (6,46). Notably, NGF can be produced by both mast cells (27,28) and adipocytes (10,23,24,46).…”

Periprostatic Adipose Tissue Mapping as a Diagnostic Predictor of Prostate Carcinoma

“…Recently, WAT has been recognized not only as an energy storage but also as the body's major endocrine and paracrine organ [6]. WAT is divided mainly into two large depots; subcutaneous and visceral.…”

“…WAT is divided mainly into two large depots; subcutaneous and visceral. Visceral depots constitutes of organ associated adipose tissues like epicardial and periadventitial adipose tissue in atherogenesis, mammary gland-associated adipose tissue in breast cancer, mesenteric adipose tissue in Crohn's disease etc [6].…”