Adipose-derived stem cell sheets accelerate bone healing in rat femoral defects

Abstract

In the present study, we investigated whether both adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) and osteogenic-induced ADSC sheets could promote bone healing in a rat distal femoral metaphysis bone defect model. A through-hole defect of 1 mm diameter was drilled into each distal femur of 12 week old rats. Forty-five rats were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) control group; (2) ADSC sheet group; or (3) osteogenic-induced ADSC sheet group. We evaluated each group by analysis of computerized tomography scans every week after the surgery, histological analysis, and DiI labeling (a method of membrane staining for post implant cell tracing). Radiological and histological evaluations showed that a part of the hole persisted in the control group at four weeks after surgery, whereas the hole was restored almost completely by new bone formation in both sheet groups. The mean value of bone density (in Houndsfield units) for the bone defect area was significantly higher in both sheet groups than that in the control group ( p = 0.05) at four weeks postoperative. A large number of osteocalcin positive osteoblasts were observed at the area of bone defect, especially in the osteogenic-induced ADCS sheet group. DiI labeling in the newly formed bone showed that each sheet had differentiated into bone tissue at four weeks after surgery. The ADSC and the osteogenic-induced ADSC sheets promoted significantly quicker bone healing in the bone defect. Moreover, the osteogenic-induced ADSC sheet may be more advantageous for bone healing than the ADSC sheet because of the higher number of osteocalcin positive osteoblasts via the transplantation.

Polymer-Bioactive Glass Composite Filaments for 3D Scaffold Manufacturing by Fused Deposition Modeling: Fabrication and Characterization

“…The potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) for bone engineering has been recently highlighted (Vishnubalaji et al, 2012 ; Bhattacharya et al, 2016 ; Iaquinta et al, 2019 ; Storti et al, 2019 ) and ASC have been applied on biomaterial scaffolds as a potential critical size defect treatment strategy (Du et al, 2018 ). The high availability of ASC from body lipoaspirates (Yang et al, 2019 ) combined with the potential for osteogenic differentiation (Zhang et al, 2015 ) and defect reconstruction (Mesimäki et al, 2009 ; Yoshida et al, 2019 ; Zang et al, 2019 ) in vivo renders ASC excellent candidates to study the osteoinductive properties of biomaterials, with promising implications towards clinical translation (Barba et al, 2017 ). The aim of this study was to fabricate filaments for high throughput FDM of polymer-BG composite scaffolds with bioactive, cytocompatible, and osteoinductive properties.…”

Stem cell application in rotator cuff repair: Interposition stem cell sheet versus overlaid stem cell sheet

“…Among these, stem cells are getting attention on account of their paragenic effects, as well as their tenogenesis potential. However, it is di cult to fully determine whether these ADSCs have the capacity to augment healing (34,35), and how to deliver these stem cells to the lesion remains under debate. Whether su cient stem cells can be administered, whether the cells have high activity and viability, the extent to which the lesion can be reached, and how long the cells remain in the target region have not yet been studied adequately.…”

Advancing application of mesenchymal stem cell-based bone tissue regeneration

“…Moreover , shortage of bone marrow donation, invasive isolation procedure for donors and patients, extreme low ratio of MSCs in tissue cells and poor multipotent ability after extensive passage or at aged people constrain the feasibility of using them in large commercial applications [ 30 , 173 ].…”