Adipose Tissue–derived Microvascular Fragments as Vascularization Units for Dental Pulp Regeneration

Xu, Xun; Cheng, Liang; Gao, Xin; Huang, He; Xing, Xiaotao; Tang, Qi; Yang, Jian; Wu, Yutao; Li, Maojiao; Li, Huanian; Liao, Li; Tian, Weidong

doi:10.1016/j.joen.2021.04.012

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Figure 6 presents DDM with opened dentinal tubules after demineralization. Sterilization was performed by maintaining the matrices in sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with 100 units/ml of penicillin and 100 μg/ml of streptomycin at 37 °C, for 72 h and then washed in sterilized deionized water for 5 min [ 17 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 28 , 30 – 36 , 38 – 44 ], socking into penicillin and streptomycin [ 72 ] only, preservation in 5% peracetic acid and 75% ethanol for 10 min [ 53 , 80 , 81 ], immersion in 5 ml alcohol/2 ml of gentamicin [ 61 , 69 – 71 ], rinsing with sterile saline for 10 min [ 75 ], washing in sterilized deionized water for 10 min [ 82 ], rinsing twice in 0.1 M Tris-HCl (pH 7.4) for 10 min [ 55 , 62 ] and using gradient ethanol concentrations [ 47 ]. Other methods of sterilization were gamma irradiation processing using Cobalt 60 radiation with a dose of 5 kGy [ 66 ], ethylene oxide gas sterilization at low temperatures [ 19 , 45 , 49 , 52 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 67 , 68 , 76 ], steam sterilization at 121°C and a pressure of 1 bar for 15 min [ 23 ], lyophilization and freeze-drying [ 46 ], or mixing was accomplished in a sterile container [ 65 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demineralized Dentin Matrix for Dental and Alveolar Bone Tissues Regeneration: An Innovative Scope Review

Grawish

et al. 2022

Tissue Eng Regen Med

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Background: Dentin is a permeable tubular composite and complex structure, and in weight, it is composed of 20% organic matrix, 10% water, and 70% hydroxyapatite crystalline matrix. Demineralization of dentin with gradient concentrations of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, 0.6 N hydrochloric acid, or 2% nitric acid removes a major part of the crystalline apatite and maintains a majority of collagen type I and non-collagenous proteins, which creates an osteoinductive scaffold containing numerous matrix elements and growth factors. Therefore, demineralized dentin should be considered as an excellent naturally-derived bioactive material to enhance dental and alveolar bone tissues regeneration. Method: The PubMed and Midline databases were searched in October 2021 for the relevant articles on treated dentin matrix (TDM)/demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) and their potential roles in tissue regeneration. Results: Several studies with different study designs evaluating the effect of TDM/DDM on dental and bone tissues regeneration were found. TDM/DDM was obtained from human or animal sources and processed in different forms (particles, liquid extract, hydrogel, and paste) and different shapes (sheets, slices, disc-shaped, root-shaped, and barrier membranes), with variable sizes measured in micrometers or millimeters, demineralized with different protocols regarding the concentration of demineralizing agents and exposure time, and then sterilized and preserved with different techniques. In the act of biomimetic acellular material, TDM/DDM was used for the regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex through direct pulp capping technique, and it was found to possess the ability to activate the odontogenic differentiation of stem cells resident in the pulp tissues and induce reparative dentin formation. TDM/DDM was also considered for alveolar ridge and maxillary sinus floor augmentations, socket preservation, furcation perforation repair, guided bone, and bioroot regenerations as well as bone and cartilage healing. Conclusion: To our knowledge, there are no standard procedures to adopt a specific form for a specific purpose; therefore, future studies are required to come up with a well-characterized TDM/DDM for each specific application. Likely as decellularized dermal matrix and prospectively, if the TDM/DDM is supplied in proper consistency, forms, and in different sizes with good biological properties, it can be used efficiently instead of some widely-used regenerative biomaterials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demineralized Dentin Matrix for Dental and Alveolar Bone Tissues Regeneration: An Innovative Scope Review

Grawish

et al. 2022

Tissue Eng Regen Med

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“…One of the main challenges in vascular tissue engineering involve the lack of cell-cell interactions and microvasculature network sprouting in the cell culture systems which can be addressed by generation of cell-laden spheroids or micro-sized aggregates. Due to the ability of spheroids to fuse, they can be used to form robust endogenous capillary-like networks which can offer new opportunities for creating highly organized vascularized microtissues [147]. In this regard, it has been shown that sprouting of capillary angiogenesis is capable of changing mechanobiological properties of a fibrin cell-laden matrix altering cell fate [148,149].…”

Section: Micro-sized Aggregates and Microspheres/ Microbeadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevascularized Micro-/Nano-Sized Spheroid/Bead Aggregates for Vascular Tissue Engineering

et al. 2021

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Efficient strategies to promote microvascularization in vascular tissue engineering, a central priority in regenerative medicine, are still scarce; nano- and micro-sized aggregates and spheres or beads harboring primitive microvascular beds are promising methods in vascular tissue engineering. Capillaries are the smallest type and in numerous blood vessels, which are distributed densely in cardiovascular system. To mimic this microvascular network, specific cell components and proangiogenic factors are required. Herein, advanced biofabrication methods in microvascular engineering, including extrusion-based and droplet-based bioprinting, Kenzan, and biogripper approaches, are deliberated with emphasis on the newest works in prevascular nano- and micro-sized aggregates and microspheres/microbeads.

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“…DPSCs and adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments mixed with matrigel promoted pulp-like tissue regeneration in tooth root segments (RSs). 36 Furthermore, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel supports cell encapsulation and adjustable physical properties, contributing to the construction of biomimetic 3D tooth bud models and delivery of DPSCs and HUVECs for pulp regeneration. 37 , 38 However, there is no clear conclusion about which hydrogel is more suitable for endogenous pulp regeneration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone morphogenetic protein 7 mediates stem cells migration and angiogenesis: therapeutic potential for endogenous pulp regeneration

Cheng

Liang

et al. 2022

Int J Oral Sci

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Pulp loss is accompanied by the functional impairment of defense, sensory, and nutrition supply. The approach based on endogenous stem cells is a potential strategy for pulp regeneration. However, endogenous stem cell sources, exogenous regenerative signals, and neovascularization are major difficulties for pulp regeneration based on endogenous stem cells. Therefore, the purpose of our research is to seek an effective cytokines delivery strategy and bioactive materials to reestablish an ideal regenerative microenvironment for pulp regeneration. In in vitro study, we investigated the effects of Wnt3a, transforming growth factor-beta 1, and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) on human dental pulp stem cells (h-DPSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 2D and 3D culture systems based on collagen gel, matrigel, and gelatin methacryloyl were fabricated to evaluate the morphology and viability of h-DPSCs. In in vivo study, an ectopic nude mouse model and an in situ beagle dog model were established to investigate the possibility of pulp regeneration by implanting collagen gel loading BMP7. We concluded that BMP7 promoted the migration and odontogenic differentiation of h-DPSCs and vessel formation. Collagen gel maintained the cell adhesion, cell spreading, and cell viability of h-DPSCs in 2D or 3D culture. The transplantation of collagen gel loading BMP7 induced vascularized pulp-like tissue regeneration in vivo. The injectable approach based on collagen gel loading BMP7 might exert promising therapeutic application in endogenous pulp regeneration.

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Adipose Tissue–derived Microvascular Fragments as Vascularization Units for Dental Pulp Regeneration

Cited by 27 publications

References 35 publications

Demineralized Dentin Matrix for Dental and Alveolar Bone Tissues Regeneration: An Innovative Scope Review

Demineralized Dentin Matrix for Dental and Alveolar Bone Tissues Regeneration: An Innovative Scope Review

Prevascularized Micro-/Nano-Sized Spheroid/Bead Aggregates for Vascular Tissue Engineering

Bone morphogenetic protein 7 mediates stem cells migration and angiogenesis: therapeutic potential for endogenous pulp regeneration

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