Adipose Tissue Distribution, Inflammation and Its Metabolic Consequences, Including Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

Chait, Alan; Hartigh, Laura J. den

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2020.00022

Cited by 875 publications

(810 citation statements)

References 741 publications

(399 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

763

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, obesity is associated with elevated circulating levels of IL-6 and TNFα, which are subsequently decreased with weight loss. In obese subjects, adipose tissue becomes dysfunctional, promoting a pro-inflammatory, hyperlipidemic, and insulin resistant environment that contributes to cardiovascular disease [22].…”

Section: Quarantine and Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 pandemic: the effects of quarantine on cardiovascular risk

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

COVID-19 is causing a global pandemic with a high number of deaths and infected people. To contain the diffusion of COVID-19 virus, Governments have enforced restrictions on outdoor activities or even collective quarantine on the population. One important consequence of quarantine is a change in lifestyle: reduced physical activity and unhealthy diet. 2019 guidelines for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease indicate that "Adults should engage in at least 150 minute per week of accumulated moderate-intensity or 75 minute per week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity (or an equivalent combination of moderate and vigorous activity) to reduce ASCVD risk." During quarantine, strategies to further increase home-based physical activity and to follow a healthy diet should be implemented. Quarantine carries some longterm effects on cardiovascular disease, mainly related to unhealthy lifestyle and anxiety. Following quarantine a global action supporting healthy diet and physical activity is mandatory to encourage people to return to good lifestyle.

show abstract

Section: Quarantine and Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 pandemic: the effects of quarantine on cardiovascular risk

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In highly vascularized AT, endothelial and smooth-muscle cells, as well as resident macrophages, exhibit additional perturbations in response to an activated renin angiotensin system at a local level, with attendant depletion and dysfunction of the counterregulatory angiotensin converting enzyme 2 Mas receptor system (17,18). This makes AT, particularly in visceral distributions, pro-immunogenic, metabolically active, and highly integrated into the cardiovascular system, with the capability to drive acute disease through augmented inflammation at an organ level in the heart, vasculature, pancreas, liver, and kidneys (19). This "preactivation state" of AT in obesity makes this organ a potential target for further immune amplification by external pathogens such as viruses.…”

Section: Likely Mechanisms Involved In Poor Outcomes In Individuals Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Adipose Tissue a Reservoir for Viral Spread, Immune Activation, and Cytokine Amplification in Coronavirus Disease 2019?

Ryan

Caplice

2020

Obesity

282

261

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the worst pandemic in more than a century, has claimed >125,000 lives worldwide to date. Emerging predictors for poor outcomes include advanced age, male sex, preexisting cardiovascular disease, and risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, and, more recently, obesity. This article posits new obesitydriven predictors of poor COVID-19 outcomes, over and above the more obvious extant risks associated with obesity, including cardiometabolic disease and hypoventilation syndrome in intensive care patients. This article also outlines a theoretical mechanistic framework whereby adipose tissue in individuals with obesity may act as a reservoir for more extensive viral spread, with increased shedding, immune activation, and cytokine amplification. This paper proposes studies to test this reservoir concept with a focus on specific cytokine pathways that might be amplified in individuals with obesity and COVID-19. Finally, this paper underscores emerging therapeutic strategies that might benefit subsets of patients in which cytokine amplification is excessive and potentially fatal.

show abstract

“…PET images were reconstructed using the ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithm, provided by the manufacturer. The resulting PET images had a 128 × 128 × 159 matrix with a voxel size of 0.776 × 0.776 × 0.796 mm 3 . CT images were reconstructed using a cone-beam Feldkamp reconstruction algorithm (COBRA, Exxim Computing Corporation, Pleasanton, CA, USA).…”

Section: F-fdg Pet Imaging and Biodistributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atherosclerosis has long been known as the main cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and only recently, more attention has been paid to the many factors that can contribute to the development and progression of this process itself [1,2]. Atherosclerosis has a multifactorial etiology, but it shows similar mechanisms such as chronic inflammation and immune activation [3,4]. In particular, inflammation also activates both innate and adaptive immune responses involving monocytes/macrophages [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Beneficial Effects of Melatonin on Apolipoprotein-E Knockout Mice by Morphological and 18F-FDG PET/CT Assessments

Nardo

Rezzani

Facchetti

et al. 2020

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Atherosclerosis represents one of the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Their etiologies have been studied in recent years in order to better define therapeutic targets for intervention and to identify diagnostic methods. Two different subtypes of macrophages, M1 and M2, have been described in physiological conditions. They can also be found in the atherosclerotic process, where they both have opposite roles in disease progression. Perivascular brown adipose tissue is also involved in inflammation and endothelial damage. In this work, we provide insights into the protective role of melatonin in the atherosclerotic process by morphological and 18F-FDG-PET/CT analyses. In particular, we examined the effects of melatonin on pathways that are linked to atherosclerosis development. We showed that melatonin, by suppressing M1 activity, reduced inflammation and directed macrophage polarization toward the M2 macrophage subtype. Moreover, melatonin preserved the activity of perivascular brown adipose tissue. In addition, 18F-FDG uptake is very high in mice treated with melatonin, confirming that other factors may alter 18F-FDG distribution. In conclusion, we showed that melatonin affects inflammatory pathways that have been linked to atherosclerosis, assessed the relationships of the 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters with macrophage markers and the production of their cytokines, which that have been defined by morphological evaluations.

show abstract

Adipose Tissue Distribution, Inflammation and Its Metabolic Consequences, Including Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

Cited by 875 publications

References 741 publications

COVID-19 pandemic: the effects of quarantine on cardiovascular risk

COVID-19 pandemic: the effects of quarantine on cardiovascular risk

Is Adipose Tissue a Reservoir for Viral Spread, Immune Activation, and Cytokine Amplification in Coronavirus Disease 2019?

Beneficial Effects of Melatonin on Apolipoprotein-E Knockout Mice by Morphological and 18F-FDG PET/CT Assessments

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About