Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and Impaired Metabolic Health in Human Obesity: A Matter of Oxygen?

Goossens, Gijs H.; Blaak, Ellen E.

doi:10.3389/fendo.2015.00055

Cited by 121 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Recent studies suggest that adipose tissue oxygenation, which is determined by the local balance between oxygen supply and oxygen consumption, may be a key factor determining the adipose tissue phenotype, as extensively reviewed elsewhere [36,37,38,39]. Although the number of studies in which adipose tissue oxygen partial pressure (AT PO 2 ) has been measured is very limited, several lines of evidence suggest that AT PO 2 is reduced in rodent models of obesity [40,41,42].…”

Section: Detailed Metabolic Phenotyping In Obesity: Paving the Way Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the number of studies in which adipose tissue oxygen partial pressure (AT PO 2 ) has been measured is very limited, several lines of evidence suggest that AT PO 2 is reduced in rodent models of obesity [40,41,42]. Importantly, the models used in these studies do not reflect human physiology, as discussed previously [36,37]. The first study investigating abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue oxygenation in obese and lean individuals supported the available data in rodents, showing lower AT PO 2 in obesity [43].…”

Section: Detailed Metabolic Phenotyping In Obesity: Paving the Way Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Metabolic Phenotype in Obesity: Fat Mass, Body Fat Distribution, and Adipose Tissue Function

2017

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The current obesity epidemic poses a major public health issue since obesity predisposes towards several chronic diseases. BMI and total adiposity are positively correlated with cardiometabolic disease risk at the population level. However, body fat distribution and an impaired adipose tissue function, rather than total fat mass, better predict insulin resistance and related complications at the individual level. Adipose tissue dysfunction is determined by an impaired adipose tissue expandability, adipocyte hypertrophy, altered lipid metabolism, and local inflammation. Recent human studies suggest that adipose tissue oxygenation may be a key factor herein. A subgroup of obese individuals - the ‘metabolically healthy obese' (MHO) - have a better adipose tissue function, less ectopic fat storage, and are more insulin sensitive than obese metabolically unhealthy persons, emphasizing the central role of adipose tissue function in metabolic health. However, controversy has surrounded the idea that metabolically healthy obesity may be considered really healthy since MHO individuals are at increased (cardio)metabolic disease risk and may have a lower quality of life than normal weight subjects due to other comorbidities. Detailed metabolic phenotyping of obese persons will be invaluable in understanding the pathophysiology of metabolic disturbances, and is needed to identify high-risk individuals or subgroups, thereby paving the way for optimization of prevention and treatment strategies to combat cardiometabolic diseases.

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Section: Detailed Metabolic Phenotyping In Obesity: Paving the Way Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detailed Metabolic Phenotyping In Obesity: Paving the Way Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

The Metabolic Phenotype in Obesity: Fat Mass, Body Fat Distribution, and Adipose Tissue Function

2017

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“…Adipose tissue dysfunction is accompanied by insulin resistance, impaired adipose tissue capillarization, and higher adipose tissue gene expression of inflammatory cell markers, although relative hyperoxia does not modify these effects [71]. However, the same authors have demonstrated that exposing rats to mild hypoxic conditions ameliorates and even improves these alterations, concluding that metabolic responses to hypoxia are tightly linked to the severity, pattern, and duration of hypoxia exposure [72]. …”

Section: Hypoxia and Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity as a Conditioning Factor for High-Altitude Diseases

et al. 2017

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Obesity, a worldwide epidemic, has become a major health burden because it is usually accompanied by an increased risk for insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and even some kinds of cancer. It also results in associated increases in healthcare expenditures and labor and economic consequences. There are also other fields of medicine and biology where obesity or being overweight play a major role, such as high-altitude illnesses (acute mountain sickness, hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, and chronic mountain sickness), where an increasing relationship among these two morbid statuses has been demonstrated. This association could be rooted in the interactions between obesity-related metabolic alterations and critical ventilation impairments due to obesity, which would aggravate hypobaric hypoxia at high altitudes, leading to hypoxemia, which is a trigger for developing high-altitude diseases. This review examines the current literature to support the idea that obesity or overweight could be major conditioning factors at high altitude.

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“…Moreover, SC but not visceral adipose tissue angiogenic capacity negatively correlates with insulin sensitivity [44]. However, it should be taken into account that enlargement of adipocyte sizes may also result in decreased metabolic demands so that adipocytes may not necessarily suffer from hypoxia [45].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Fat and Lipid Partitioning: Phenotyping Beyond BMI

2017

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The world-wide obesity epidemic, predisposing towards several chronic diseases, not only poses a major public health issue, but also has a negative impact on individual' life expectancy and quality. These two dimensions may need distinct diagnostic and preventive approaches. Indeed, whether BMI and total adiposity are positively correlated with cardiometabolic disease risk at the population level, adipose tissue regional distribution and lipid storage in ectopic tissues define the obesity phenotype and, thus, better predict the risk of developing obesity complications at the individual level.Indeed, together with the more extensively studied intraabdominal adipose tissue, smaller ectopic visceral depots have, in the recent years, gained increasing attention for their putative role in mediating the local detrimental effects of obesity. It has also been increasingly appreciated that intracellular lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues leads to pathological responses and impaired insulin signaling. This narrative review focuses on the phenotypic differences between different adipose depots that link their depotspecific biology to obesity specific complications.

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Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and Impaired Metabolic Health in Human Obesity: A Matter of Oxygen?

Cited by 121 publications

References 49 publications

The Metabolic Phenotype in Obesity: Fat Mass, Body Fat Distribution, and Adipose Tissue Function

The Metabolic Phenotype in Obesity: Fat Mass, Body Fat Distribution, and Adipose Tissue Function

Obesity as a Conditioning Factor for High-Altitude Diseases

Fat and Lipid Partitioning: Phenotyping Beyond BMI

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