Adipose Tissue Gene Expression of Adiponectin, Tumor Necrosis Factor-.ALPHA. and Leptin in Metabolic Syndrome Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

Objective Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). In MS, adipose tissue has been shown to function as a paracrine and an endocrine organ secreting various adipocytokines. In the current study, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and leptin gene expressions in the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), paracardial adipose tissue (PAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were investigated in MS patients with CAD and in non-MS patients without CAD. Methods and ResultsThirty-seven patients with MS undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting due to CAD (MS group) and twenty-three non-MS patients without CAD undergoing heart valve surgery (control group) were recruited prospectively to the study. Relative gene expressions of adiponectin, TNF-α and leptin in EAT, PAT and SAT were compared between two groups of patients. Adiponectin gene expression in EAT and PAT were significantly lower in MS group compared to the control group (p<0.0001, p=0.04, respectively) while SAT adiponectin gene expression did not differ significantly (p=0.64). TNF-α and leptin gene expressions were found to be statistically significantly higher in EAT, PAT and SAT of the MS group (p< 0.0001, for all). Conclusion Our results demonstrate that TNF-α and leptin gene expressions increase prominently in the EAT, PAT and SAT while adiponectin gene expression decreases significantly in EAT and PAT in MS patients with CAD. These findings suggest that disturbances in expression of adiponectin, TNF-α and leptin in EAT, PAT and SAT might play an important role in MS patients with CAD.

Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Nascent Metabolic Syndrome

“…Our data are also consistent with some but not all studies that have reported mRNA/gene expression profiles in SAT in subjects with MetS [36, 37]. Specifically, Gormez et al reported increased mRNA levels of TNF- α and leptin but not adiponectin in SAT from subjects with MetS versus controls [36], whereas our data showed only increased amounts of SAT-secreted and circulating leptin concentrations.…”

Leptin, Hypoxia and Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

“…With the newly established evidence that leptin has a protective role against hypoxia (4, 5), we deem that the lack of difference in the serum leptin between our 2 groups of OSA patients, with and without MS could be conceivably due to the lack of difference in the degree of hypoxia between these groups. If our assumption is correct, then in the study by Gormez et al (1), the patients with MS and CAD may have been more hypoxic than those without MS and therefore their increased leptin expression might have been due to the degree of hypoxia rather than MS itself.…”

“…To the Editor We read with great interest the article by Gormez et al (1) dealing with the relationship between leptin and metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Following their interest, we attempted to confirm a similar positive relationship between leptin and MS in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients.…”

Cellular cross-talk between epicardial adipose tissue and myocardium in relation to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease

“…Sacks et al (121) has shown that pioglitazone treatment of T2DM patients with CAD is associated with a reduction of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes (IL-1␤, IL-1Ra, and IL-10) in EAT and that a selective increase in PPAR␥ is observed in SAT. Although EAT has been reported to be a source of both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers, mounting evidence suggests that local secretion of proinflammatory cytokines from EAT are more predominant and could downregulate the protective and anti-inflammatory cytokines along with adiponectin and adrenomedullin in severe CAD (4,22,42,63,99,126).…”