Adipose Tissue Growth and Cellularity: Changes in Bovine Adipocyte Size and Number

Cianzio, Danilo; Topel, D. G.; Whitehurst, Garnett B.; Beitz, Donald C.; Self, H. L.

doi:10.2527/jas1985.604970x

Cited by 172 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The general consensus in the literature is that relative proportions of the fat pools in the body are unchanged as cattle grow (Johnson et al 1972;Cianzio et al 1985). However, the observations in the literature cited above, the present results, and in as yet unpublished data from the CRC for Cattle and Beef Quality, suggest otherwise.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Post-weaning growth of cattle in northern New South Wales. 3. Carry-over effects on finishing, carcass characteristics and intramuscular fat

Robinson¹,

Oddy²,

Dicker³

et al. 2001

Aust. J. Exp. Agric.

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Abstract. The effects of prior growth on subsequent growth and body composition of cattle potentially affect the profitability of growing cattle to meet specifications based on weight and fatness. The effects of different growth rates and patterns of growth between weaning (about 230 kg) and entry to finishing (average 400 kg) on growth rate, carcass characteristics and intramuscular fat content of steers finished on pasture and in a feedlot on a predominantly grain ration to 2 liveweights (520 kg, Korean and >600 kg, Japanese) are reported here. Over a period of 4 years (1994)(1995)(1996)(1997), 1095 Bos taurus steers of 4 breeds (Angus, Hereford, Murray Grey and Shorthorn), were allocated to 1 of 3 grow-out pathways from weaning until entry into finishing. The pathways were based on introduced pasture (P1), with different animal growth rates induced by strategic supplementation with a pelleted concentrate feed (P2), or a forage crop (P3) Dicker et al. 2001).In general, the mean growth rate of steers from the different growth pathways during finishing was inversely related to mean growth rate during grow-out. However, where the difference in liveweight at the end of grow-out was greater than 15 kg, increased growth rate during finishing was insufficient to permit complete catch up of liveweight by the end of finishing. There was no further compensation beyond 520 kg liveweight. Steers with better nutrition during grow-out tended to have more intramuscular fat at Japanese market weights, but lower retail meat yield. Steers finished on pasture had less fat thickness and intramuscular fat content than those finished on the grain based ration. Compared with P3 steers, there was a tendency for steers from pathways P1 and P2 to have lower intramuscular fat content in their M. longissimus at Japanesese market weights.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Post-weaning growth of cattle in northern New South Wales. 3. Carry-over effects on finishing, carcass characteristics and intramuscular fat

Robinson¹,

Oddy²,

Dicker³

et al. 2001

Aust. J. Exp. Agric.

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“…The existence of separate, distinct populations of precursor cells for brown and white adipocytes (see later below), and the presence of brown adipocytes in adult humans , suggest that BAT and WAT are two distinct forms of AT that probably participate jointly in the development and plasticity of AT throughout life, at least in humans (Casteilla and Dani, 2006). The relative contributions of hyperplasia and hypertrophy to the growth of AT vary among tissue locations and age (Cianzio et al, 1985, Vernon, 1986. Hyperplasia mainly occurs during foetal and/or early post-natal life, but it can also arise during later stages or in adult life in cattle; the number of total adipocytes has been estimated at around 19 billion at the end of foetal life, and then increases sixfold after birth to reach an estimated 124 billion in adults (Robelin and Casteilla, 1990).…”

Section: Dynamics Of At Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenesis of muscle and adipose tissues and their interactions in ruminants and other species

Bonnet

Cassar-Malek

Chilliard

et al. 2010

Animal

113

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The lean-to-fat ratio, that is, the relative masses of muscle and adipose tissue, is a criterion for the yield and quality of bovine carcasses and meat. This review describes the interactions between muscle and adipose tissue (AT) that may regulate the dynamic balance between the number and size of muscle v. adipose cells. Muscle and adipose tissue in cattle grow by an increase in the number of cells (hyperplasia), mainly during foetal life. The total number of muscle fibres is set by the end of the second trimester of gestation. By contrast, the number of adipocytes is never set. Number of adipocytes increases mainly before birth until 1 year of age, depending on the anatomical location of the adipose tissue. Hyperplasia concerns brown pre-adipocytes during foetal life and white pre-adipocytes from a few weeks after birth. A decrease in the number of secondary myofibres and an increase in adiposity in lambs born from mothers severely underfed during early pregnancy suggest a balance in the commitment of a common progenitor into the myogenic or adipogenic lineages, or a reciprocal regulation of the commitment of two distinct progenitors. The developmental origin of white adipocytes is a subject of debate. Molecular and histological data suggested a possible transdifferentiation of brown into white adipocytes, but this hypothesis has now been challenged by the characterization of distinct precursor cells for brown and white adipocytes in mice. Increased nutrient storage in fully differentiated muscle fibres and adipocytes, resulting in cell enlargement (hypertrophy), is thought to be the main mechanism, whereby muscle and fat masses increase in growing cattle. Competition or prioritization between adipose and muscle cells for the uptake and metabolism of nutrients is suggested, besides the successive waves of growth of muscle v. adipose tissue, by the inhibited or delayed adipose tissue growth in bovine genotypes exhibiting strong muscular development. This competition or prioritization occurs through cellular signalling pathways and the secretion of proteins by adipose tissue (adipokines) and muscle (myokines), putatively regulating their hypertrophy in a reciprocal manner. Further work on the mechanisms underlying cross-talk between brown or white adipocytes and muscle fibres will help to achieve better understanding as a prerequisite to improving the control of body growth and composition in cattle.

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“…Marbling is an adipose tissue embedded within a matrix of connective tissue in the vicinity of a network of blood capillaries; therefore, the number and diameter of intramuscular adipocytes may be good indicators of marbling (Cianzo et al, 1985;Scollan et al, 2006).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Commercial Cuts from the Crioulo Lageano Beef Breed

Mitterer-Daltoé¹,

Ramos²,

Martins³

et al. 2012

FSTR

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This work aimed to study the features of Crioulo Lageano beef cattle and compare them with those of the Nellore, the main commercial breed of Brazil. Twelve cattle each of the Nellore and Crioulo Lageano were evaluated for carcass characteristics, muscle:carcass ratio and chemical composition of commercial cuts: topside, rum cap, eye round, sirloin, tenderloin and rib eye. In this study, the meat of Crioulo Lageano exhibited a higher marbling score than that of Nellore. Rib eye and sirloin cuts of Crioulo Lageano stood out due to their weight and intramuscular fat content. The following variables explained 69.4% of the characteristics of the Crioulo Lageano beef as determined by principal components analysis (PCA): hot carcass weight, hindquarter, forequarter, pistola, topside, rum cap, eye round, sirloin, tenderloin, rib eye and dressing. The muscle:carcass ratio and PCA values demonstrated the adaptability of the Crioulo Lageano cattle to the southern Santa Catarina Plateau.

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Adipose Tissue Growth and Cellularity: Changes in Bovine Adipocyte Size and Number

Cited by 172 publications

References 14 publications

Post-weaning growth of cattle in northern New South Wales. 3. Carry-over effects on finishing, carcass characteristics and intramuscular fat

Post-weaning growth of cattle in northern New South Wales. 3. Carry-over effects on finishing, carcass characteristics and intramuscular fat

Ontogenesis of muscle and adipose tissues and their interactions in ruminants and other species

Characterization of Commercial Cuts from the Crioulo Lageano Beef Breed

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