Adipose Tissue Macrophages (ATM) of obese patients are releasing increased levels of prolactin during an inflammatory challenge: A role for prolactin in diabesity?

Bouckenooghe, Thomas; Sisino, Giorgia; Aurientis, Sandra; Chinetti-Gbaguidi, Giulia; Kerr–Conte, Julie; Staels, Bart; Fontaine, P.; Storme, Laurent; Pattou, François; Vambergue, A.

doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.12.005

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…PRL seems to be released proportionally to the quantity of fat mass in obese women, and weight loss in such subjects resulted in a decrease in 24-h PRL release [37, 38]. Further, macrophages derived from adipose tissue were shown to synthesize PRL in response to inflammation and high glucose concentrations [39]. Therefore, obesity and/or higher glucose levels (or glycemic levels) seem to influence the observed association between serum PRL levels and HOMA-R.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between serum prolactin levels and insulin resistance in non-diabetic men

et al. 2017

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Prolactin (PRL) has roles in various physiological functions. Although experimental studies showed that PRL has both beneficial and adverse effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus, clinical findings in subjects with hyperprolactinemia indicate adverse effects on glucose metabolism. However, effects of PRL within the physiological range in human are controversial. A population-based study of 370 Japanese men enrolled in the 2014 Iwaki study (aged 52.0 ± 14.8 years). In this cross-sectional study, associations between serum PRL levels and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) indices representing glucose metabolism in a physiological setting were examined using multivariable regression analysis. Although univariate linear regression analyses showed significant associations between serum PRL levels and HOMA indices, adjustment with multiple factors made the association with HOMA-ß (insulin secretion) insignificant, while those with HOMA-R (insulin resistance) remained significant (ß = 0.084, p = 0.035). Non-linear regression analyses showed a regression curve with a peak at serum PRL level, 12.4 ng/mL and a positive association of serum PRL level with HOMA-R below the peak (ß = 0.119, p = 0.004). Higher serum PRL levels within the physiological range seem to be associated with insulin resistance in men.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between serum prolactin levels and insulin resistance in non-diabetic men

et al. 2017

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“…We also determined hormone levels of the known pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules prolactin and testosterone, respectively, since these hormones might also be influenced by HFD [ 47 , 48 ] and have been shown to correlate with inflammatory parameters [ 49 , 50 ]. However, we found no influence of HFD on levels of testosterone or prolactin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sustained high fat diet for two years decreases IgM and IL-1 beta in ageing Wistar rats

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe immune system undergoes several alterations of innate and adaptive immunity during ageing. The main features of the aged immune system are a reduced diversity of T cell receptors and a reduced activity of innate immune cells with subsequent changes in adaptive immunity resulting in a less effective, less specific, and dys-regulated immune response and in an increased susceptibility towards infection, malignancy, and autoimmunity. The process is referred to as immunosenescence and is also modulated by environmental modifiers, such as dietary factors. High fat diet (HFD), via direct modulation of immune cell function by fatty acids and/or increased body fat mass, influences immune function. However, it is not clear whether HFD is beneficial or detrimental for the functioning of the ageing immune system.MethodsMale Wistar rats fed with either a high fat diet (HFD 43 en% of fat) or control diet (SD, 25 en% of fat) over up to 24 month and were analyzed for plasma IL-1β, IL-6, TNF, IgM, IgG1, IgA, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG2c, light chains lambda and kappa, testosterone, prolactin and percentage of splenic B cells and apoptosis rate, respectively.ResultsIn general, all analyzed immunoglobuline isotypes increased with age, except for IgA. This increase was attenuated by HFD. In HFD and SD rats the percentage of B cells in the spleen and also their apoptotic rate was lower in aged as compared to young animals with no additional diet-induced effect. Testosterone and prolactin levels were lower in old animals, as expected. There was a statistical trend towards an increased prolactin/testosterone ratio in middle aged (6–12 monthsnth) HFD rats as compared to SD. IL-6 was neither affected by HFD nor age. On the other hand, HFD rats showed a decrease in IL-1β as compared to SD, which correlated with the above-mentioned suppressive effect on immunoglobulin isotypes, especially IgM.ConclusionIn Wistar rats, HFD reveals an immunosuppressive effect in ageing animals by decreasing immunoglobulins, especially IgM, and IL-1β when compared to SD.

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“…The lack of a linear relationship between serum prolactin levels and blood glucose when the entire study group was analyzed could have been due to different interactions of the two parameters in patients with and without altered glucose metabolism. This hypothesis was supported by a recent study demonstrating that hyperglycemia and inflammation had the ability to stimulate in vitro the expression of prolactin by the macrophages infiltrating adipose tissue [42]. Therefore, among the possible consequences could be a positive associations between serum prolactin and blood glucose levels in patients with hyperglycemia, in contrast with the negative relationship observed in patients with normal blood glucose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Is prolactin the missing link in adipose tissue dysfunction of polycystic ovary syndrome patients?

Albu

Florea²,

Fica

2015

Endocrine

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The aims of the study were to evaluate whether adiposity was among the determinants of circulating prolactin levels and to determine whether serum prolactin independently predicted metabolic abnormalities in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A total of 322 PCOS patients with normal serum prolactin levels were recruited between January 2007 and January 2014. Anthropometric, metabolic, and hormonal parameters were measured in all of the patients. HOMA-IR was calculated as an index of insulin resistance. Serum prolactin was negatively correlated with age (p < 0.0001), all the adiposity indices [body mass index p < 0.0001; waist circumference p < 0.0001; waist-hip ratio (WHR) p < 0.0001], visceral adiposity index (VAI, p = 0.043), fasting insulinemia (p = 0.002), and HOMA-IR (p = 0.002), and was positively correlated with serum adiponectin (p = 0.034), but not with circulating androgens or serum leptin levels. Serum adiponectin, but not HOMA-IR or fasting insulinemia, was independently associated with serum prolactin after adjustment for age, leptin, and anthropometrical adiposity parameters. Of the adiposity parameters, only WHR and VAI were independent predictors of serum prolactin after adjustment for adiponectin. Circulating prolactin was also negatively correlated with fasting glycemia (only in patients with normal glucose metabolism, p = 0.037) and was inversely correlated with the presence of metabolic syndrome (p < 0.001), but this association was not maintained after adjustment for possible confounders. In PCOS patients, serum prolactin level was related to adipose tissue quantity and function, and adiponectin was a possible mediator of this relationship. Low serum prolactin levels were associated with an unfavorable metabolic profile, but this association seemed to be due to the complex interplay among prolactin, adiposity, and insulin resistance rather than to a direct metabolic effect of prolactin.

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Adipose Tissue Macrophages (ATM) of obese patients are releasing increased levels of prolactin during an inflammatory challenge: A role for prolactin in diabesity?

Abstract: Our data shed new light on the potential role of macrophages in the physiopathology of diabesity via the PRL expression and on its expression mechanism and regulation.

Cited by 28 publications

References 42 publications

Association between serum prolactin levels and insulin resistance in non-diabetic men

Association between serum prolactin levels and insulin resistance in non-diabetic men

A sustained high fat diet for two years decreases IgM and IL-1 beta in ageing Wistar rats

Is prolactin the missing link in adipose tissue dysfunction of polycystic ovary syndrome patients?

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