Adiposity as Compared with Physical Activity in Predicting Mortality among Women

Hu, Frank B.; Willett, Walter C.; Li, Tricia; Stampfer, Meir J.; Colditz, Graham A.; Manson, JoAnn E.

doi:10.1056/nejmoa042135

Cited by 682 publications

(244 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…L'inactivité physique et l'adiposité constituaient toutes deux d'importants détermi-nants de la mortalité, même si la contribution indépendante de l'adiposité était difficile à évaluer à cause du nombre plus élevé de covariables utilisées dans la plupart des analyses. La plupart des études récentes indiquent néanmoins que l'inactivité physique et l'obésité sont des prédicteurs indé-pendants de la mortalité (Hu et al 2004;Katzmarzyk et Craig 2006). Katzmarzyk et Craig (2006) ont constaté que l'activité physique demeurait un prédicteur indépendant de la mortalité à 12 ans chez les femmes canadiennes de 20 à 69 ans, même lorsqu'on a inclus le tour de taille dans le modèle de prédiction.…”

Section: Figunclassified

Lignes directrices éclairées par des données probantes sur l’activité physique à l’intention des Canadiens adultesCet article est tiré d’un supplément intitulé Advancing physical activity measurement and guidelines in Canada: a scientific review and evidence-based foundation for the future of Canadian physical activity guidelines (Favoriser les lignes directrices et la mesure de l’activité physique au Canada: examen scientifique et justification selon les données probantes pour l’avenir des lignes d

Katzmarzyk

Rhodes

Shephard

2007

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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This review of the literature provides an update on the scientific biological and psychosocial bases for Canada's Physical Activity Guide for Health Active Living, with particular reference to the effect of physical activity on the health of adults aged 20-55 years. Existing physical activity guidelines for adults from around the world are summarized briefly and compared to the Canadian guidelines. The descriptive epidemiology of physical activity and inactivity in Canada is presented, and the strength of the relationship between physical activity and specific health outcomes is evaluated, with particular emphasis on minimal and optimal physical activity requirements. Finally, areas requiring further investigation are highlighted. Summarizing the findings, Canadian and most international physical activity guidelines advocate moderate-intensity physical activity on most days of the week. Physical activity appears to reduce the risk for over 25 chronic conditions, in particular coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, breast cancer, colon cancer, type 2 diabetes, and osteoporosis. Current literature suggests that if the entire Canadian population followed current physical activity guidelines, approximately one-third of deaths related to coronary heart disease, one quarter of deaths related to stroke and osteoporosis, 20% of deaths related to colon cancer, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes, and 14% of deaths related to breast cancer could be prevented. It also appears that the prevention of weight gain and the maintenance of weight loss require greater physical activity levels than current recommendations.

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Section: Figunclassified

Lignes directrices éclairées par des données probantes sur l’activité physique à l’intention des Canadiens adultesCet article est tiré d’un supplément intitulé Advancing physical activity measurement and guidelines in Canada: a scientific review and evidence-based foundation for the future of Canadian physical activity guidelines (Favoriser les lignes directrices et la mesure de l’activité physique au Canada: examen scientifique et justification selon les données probantes pour l’avenir des lignes d

Katzmarzyk

Rhodes

Shephard

2007

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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“…For other cancers, the association is less clear 1, 2. An inverse association is also observed between physical activity and cancer mortality, for total cancer 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and cancer‐specific for colon, liver, and lung cancer 3, 6, 9, 10. Whether prediagnostic physical activity influences cancer survival in cancer patients is a question given less attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measured cardiorespiratory fitness and self‐reported physical activity: associations with cancer risk and death in a long‐term prospective cohort study

et al. 2016

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Physical activity is inversely associated with risk of some cancers. The relation with cancer‐specific death remains uncertain. Mainly, studies on relationships between physical activity and cancer are based on self‐reported physical activity (SPA). Hereby, we examined whether measured cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with cancer risk, mortality, and case fatality. We also describe relationships between SPA and these outcomes, and between CRF and SPA. A cohort of 1997 healthy Norwegian men, aged 40–59 years at inclusion in 1972–75, was followed throughout 2012. At baseline, CRF was objectively measured. SPA (leisure time and occupational) was obtained through a questionnaire. Relationships between CRF or SPA, and the outcomes were estimated using Cox regression, adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), and smoking. Pearson correlation coefficients evaluated agreements between CRF and SPA. During follow‐up, 758 men were diagnosed with cancer and 433 cancer deaths occurred. Analyses revealed lower cancer risk (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.85, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.68–1.00), mortality (HR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.53–0.88), and case fatality (HR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.57–0.96), in men with high CRF compared to low CRF. Light leisure time SPA was associated with lower cancer risk (HR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.56–0.86) and mortality (HR 0.64 95% CI: 0.49–0.83), whereas strenuous occupational SPA was associated with higher risks (HR 1.42, 95% CI: 1.13–1.78 and HR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.09–1.93). Correlations between CRF and SPA were 0.351 (P < 0.001) and −0.106 (P < 0.001) for leisure time and occupational SPA, respectively. A high midlife CRF may be beneficial for cancer risk, cancer mortality, and case fatality.

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“…Studies from different countries with different lifestyles have shown consistently that obesity is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. A near linear relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality was usually observed in men and women with a BMI of 30 kg/m 2 and more [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Some of the large cohort studies like the Nurses Health Study [3], the Cancer Prevention Study II [4] or the Korean Cancer Prevention Study [11] were able to perform analyses stratified by the cause of death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass index and mortality: results of a cohort of 184,697 adults in Austria

et al. 2009

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There is still a debate about the role of body mass index (BMI) as a risk factor for all-cause mortality. Most investigations with large sample sizes focused on populations from the United States, studies from Central-European cohorts are not available. We investigated the association between BMI and all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality within a cohort in Austria. Design of this article is "Cohort study". The Subjects used were 184,697 men and women (mean age 41.7 +/- 15.4 years). Weight and height were measured. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR). During a median follow-up of 15.1 years 15,557 deaths (6,077 from cardiovascular disease, 4,443 from cancer and 606 from respiratory disease) were seen. A U-shaped association between BMI and all-cause mortality was observed in men and women. Compared with the reference category (BMI 22.5-24.9 kg/m(2)) high risks were found both in the highest category of BMI (> or =35 kg/m(2)) with HR of 2.13 (95% CI, 1.82-2.48) in men and 1.60 (95% CI, 1.42-1.81) in women and in the lowest category (<18.5 kg/m(2)) with HR of 2.57 (95% CI, 2.17-3.05) in men and 1.40 (95% CI, 1.21-1.62) in women. Similar patterns were seen among ever-smokers and non-smokers. Increased mortality with increasing BMI was driven by cardiovascular diseases and to a lesser extent by cancers. Respiratory diseases contributed to mortality in the lowest BMI category independently from smoking status. Underweight and obesity were both associated with higher all-cause mortality in men and women.

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Adiposity as Compared with Physical Activity in Predicting Mortality among Women

Abstract: Both increased adiposity and reduced physical activity are strong and independent predictors of death.

Cited by 682 publications

References 27 publications

Measured cardiorespiratory fitness and self‐reported physical activity: associations with cancer risk and death in a long‐term prospective cohort study

Body mass index and mortality: results of a cohort of 184,697 adults in Austria

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