Adiposity, cardiovascular, and health-related quality of life indicators and the reallocation of waking movement behaviors in preschool children with overweight and obesity: An isotemporal data analysis

Abstract

Background Isotemporal substitution evaluates hypothetical time replacement scenarios of physical movement on health, with few studies conducted among ethnically diverse preschool-aged populations. This study examines the reallocation of waking movement behaviors on adiposity, cardiovascular, and quality of life indicators among low-income, majority Hispanic preschool-aged youth (2–5 years) with overweight. Methods Participants wore an ActiGraph monitor (waist) and completed adiposity, cardiovascular, and health-related quality of life health assessments. Covariates included age, sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. The isotemporal substitution approach was employed to address study aims. Results Complete data were available for 131 preschoolers. For boys, reallocating 5 minutes of stationary time with light intensity, moderate to vigorous intensity, or total physical activity showed a relation with beneficial reductions in adiposity indicators; for girls, these relations were statistically null. For boys and girls, reallocating 5 minutes of stationary time [-2.2 (95% CI: -3.7, -0.7) mmHg], light intensity [-2.1 (95% CI: -3.7, -0.7) mmHg], or moderate intensity activity [-2.7 (95% CI: -5.0, -0.4) mmHg] to vigorous intensity activity was related to favorable systolic blood pressure. Reallocating 5 minutes of stationary time to moderate to vigorous intensity activity [0.6 (95% CI: -1.0, -0.1) mmHg] or total physical activity [-0.2 (95% CI: -0.3, -0.01) mmHg] was related to lowered systolic blood pressure. Reallocating 5 minutes of stationary time to moderate to vigorous intensity activity [0.6 (95% CI: -1.1, -0.02) bpm] was related to lowered resting heart rate. No significant results for quality of life were found. Conclusion Reallocation of time from stationary time to other movement behaviors is associated with several favorable adiposity and cardiovascular health outcomes among preschool children with overweight and obesity.

Associations between body composition and fundamental motor skill competency in children

“…The BIA device assessed body composition through three outcome measures: fat mass (estimate of total body fat mass), fatfree mass (remaining non-fat body mass and a proxy of muscle mass) and fat percentage (proportion of fat mass to total body mass). The BIA device does have a recommended age limit of 5 years, however previous work has measured fat mass, fat free mass, and fat percentage in preschool age children (2–5 years) using a Tanita scale [ 36 ]. In children under the age of 5 years, the minimum age of the device was used (i.e., age 5) and research assistants ensured that each child’s foot contacted all electrodes prior to measurements.…”

A Systematic Review of the Long-Term Trajectory of Hemodynamics and Body Composition in Childhood Obesity

“…In correlation with the above results of studies included, uncontrolled eating habits [ 2 , 12 , 19 ] and lack of physical activity [ 17 , 20 ] are commonly associated findings to the prevalence of childhood obesity. A more recently published cohort by Wade et al tracks 13,557 newborn pediatric patients from the United Kingdom for over 16 years with observations that problematic eating attitudes in mid-childhood, or around the age of 11.5, can be related to the development of obesity in adolescence [ 12 ].…”

The relationship in early childhood body composition and physical activity levels regarding fundamental motor skill development

“…Third, this study utilized a Tanita scale with a cut-off of five years of age. However, previous work has measured FM, FFM, and fat percentage in preschool-age children using similar Tanita scales (TBF-410GS [ 33 ] and SC-331 S [ 29 ]. Finally, although this study measured PA at school for over eight hours, we did not measure PA for 24 h. This study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic and we were limited in our interaction with the children, families, and what could be taken home from the classrooms.…”

“…Tokyo, Japan). This scale has a recommended minimum age of five years; however, previous work has measured FM, FFM, and fat percentage in preschool-age children using similar Tanita scales (TBF-410GS [ 33 ] and SC-331 S [ 29 ]). In addition to BIA, BMI and obesity status were determined using age-and-gender-specific growth charts [ 34 ].…”