Adiposity measures predict olfactory processing speed in older adult carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele

Zamora, Rodrigo Miranda; Bartholow, J.; Green, E.; Morgan, Charlie D.; Murphy, Claire

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2011.09.001

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…No increased risk was present in lean ε4 carriers, or obese noncarriers. These findings extend previous reports on associations between BMI and APOE ε4 in the context of olfactory performance ( 43 ), and contribute to an emerging body of work reporting associations between BMI and ε4 in their consequences on brain function in old age. Both physical activity and gene-gene interactions have been implicated as modulating factors linking ε4 to dementia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Prevalence and Correlates of Olfactory Dysfunction in Old Age: A Population-Based Study

Seubert

Laukka

Rizzuto

et al. 2017

The Journals of Gerontology: Series A

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Background:Olfactory dysfunction (OD) in old age is associated with poor health outcomes. Interrelationships among different correlates of OD can offer insights into the underlying mechanisms, but to date remain understudied.Methods:Odor identification performance and self-reported olfactory functioning were studied in 2,234 people aged 60–90 years, who were free of neurodegenerative disease and enrolled in the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K) study, Stockholm, Sweden. OD was defined as the inability to identify more than 10 out of 16 odors (free or cued identification) in a standardized odor identification task. OD prevalence was estimated, and associations with demographic, genetic, vascular, clinical, and behavioral factors, as well as their interactions were examined using multiple logistic regression analyses.Results:Overall prevalence of OD was 24.8% (CI: 23.1; 26.6). Self-reports were characterized by low sensitivity (35%), but high specificity (87%). Advancing age (OR = 15.50, CI = 9.40; 26.10 between the first and last age group), and history of coronary heart disease (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.04; 1.75) were the principal factors associated with an increased probability of OD, whereas female gender (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.43; 0.66) and more years of education (OR = 0.97, CI 0.94; 0.99) were linked to a lower probability. Exploratory interaction analyses indicated that prevalence of OD was particularly elevated among Apolipropotein E (APOE) ε4 allele carriers who were also obese, and that being physically active counteracted the negative impact of cerebrovascular disease on OD.Conclusion:Demographic and genetic factors, but also prior and current health insults, are linked to OD in old age. Modulatory effects of behavioral factors highlight their value as possible prevention targets.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Prevalence and Correlates of Olfactory Dysfunction in Old Age: A Population-Based Study

Seubert

Laukka

Rizzuto

et al. 2017

The Journals of Gerontology: Series A

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“…A German study reported that abdominal obesity was inversely associated with grey matter volume, including the olfactory sulcus, although differences were not analysed according to stratification by sex 35 . In a study using an olfactometer, abdominal obesity was negatively correlated to olfactory processing speed in elderly females expressing the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele, a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease 36 . In our study, female subjects with abdominal obesity were more likely to experience olfactory dysfunction than those without.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between olfactory dysfunction and cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in middle-aged and older adults

Roh

Lee

Kim

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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While previous studies have reported olfactory dysfunction (OD) in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD), few population-based studies have investigated whether such associations differ by sex. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between CVD and its risk factors with OD, and the sex-associated differences within the general population. We examined 20,016 adults aged 40 and older from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. All subjects reported on their history of OD. CVD and its risk factors included coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, abdominal obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia; logistic regression was used to analyse their associations with OD, and additive interaction was used to analyse the interaction between risk factors and sex. In males, CAD was more likely to be associated with OD (odds ratio [OR] 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–3.14), whereas abdominal obesity was associated with OD in females (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.06–1.84).Additive interaction were observed between abdominal obesity and female sex with a relative excess risk of interaction of 0.45 (95% CI 0.26–0.63). Our findings suggest the relationship between OD and CVD and its risk factors and sex-associated differences among middle-aged and older adults.

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“…Genetic DNA was obtained from each subject using buccal swab of cheek cells and analyzed for the APOE genotype at an offsite laboratory as described in [67]. Data from 40 of these participants have previously been published [68]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s disease show differential patterns of ERP brain activation during odor identification

Morgan

Murphy

2012

Behav Brain Funct

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BackgroundStudies suggest that older adults at risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease may show olfactory processing deficits before other signs of dementia appear.MethodsWe studied 60 healthy non-demented individuals, half of whom were positive for the genetic risk factor the Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele, in three different age groups. Event-related potentials to visual and olfactory identification tasks were recorded and analyzed for latency and amplitude differences, and plotted via topographical maps.ResultsVarying patterns of brain activation were observed over the post-stimulus epoch for ɛ4- versus ɛ4+ individuals on topographical maps. Individuals with the ɛ4 allele demonstrated different ERP peak latencies during identification of olfactory but not visual stimuli. High correct ApoE classification rates were obtained utilizing the olfactory ERP.ConclusionsOlfactory ERPs demonstrate functional decline in individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s disease at much earlier ages than previously observed, suggesting the potential for pre-clinical detection of AD at very early stages.

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Adiposity measures predict olfactory processing speed in older adult carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele

Cited by 8 publications

References 67 publications

Prevalence and Correlates of Olfactory Dysfunction in Old Age: A Population-Based Study

Prevalence and Correlates of Olfactory Dysfunction in Old Age: A Population-Based Study

The association between olfactory dysfunction and cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in middle-aged and older adults

Individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s disease show differential patterns of ERP brain activation during odor identification

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