Adipsin: A Circulating Serine Protease Homolog Secreted by Adipose Tissue and Sciatic Nerve

Cook, Kathleen Sue; Min, Hye Yeong; Johnson, David; Chaplinsky, Robert J.; Flier, Jeffrey S.; Hunt, Clayton R.; Spiegelman, Bruce M.

doi:10.1126/science.3299705

Cited by 372 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Aside from the insulted vasculature, adipsin has been detected in the sciatic nerve, bloodstream, and most notably in fat tissue, where it is induced in starvation (43,44), suggesting that in addition to VSMCs, cells of the perivascular adipose tissue and endothelium may also contribute to the increased adipsin activity in vasculature. Only arterial adipsin has been shown to possess elastolytic activity, and this may be related to post-translational tissue-specific modifications of the enzyme (42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Sides of MGP Null Arterial Disease

Beazley

Reckard

Nurminsky

et al. 2013

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: MGP inhibits tissue calcification, but underlying mechanisms are understudied. Results: In MGP null mice, TG2 ablation prevents calcifying cartilaginous vascular lesions but does not affect elastocalcinosis and elastin fragmentation associated with increased elastase adipsin. Conclusion: MGP acts via two distinct mechanisms. Significance: Our study identifies TG2 and adipsin as potential therapeutic targets in vascular disease linked to MGP deficiency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Sides of MGP Null Arterial Disease

Beazley

Reckard

Nurminsky

et al. 2013

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…The antibodies to FGF10 used for immunoblot analysis were produced by immunization of hens with recombinant human FGF10 (Emoto et al 1997). The antibodies to PPAR␥ (Hu et al 1996) and adipsin (Cook et al 1987) were kindly provided by B.M. Spiegelman; those to aP2 (Bernlohr et al 1985) were kindly provided by D. Bernlohr.…”

Section: Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Requirement of fibroblast growth factor 10 in development of white adipose tissue

Sakaue¹,

Konishi²,

Ogawa³

et al. 2002

Genes Dev.

118

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Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are important intercellular signaling molecules in developmental processes.Here, we show that FGF10 is secreted by cultured preadipocytes and that prevention of FGF10 signaling inhibits the expression of C/EBP␤ and the subsequent differentiation of these cells. An active form of C/EBP␤ rescued differentiation of the cells in which FGF10 signaling was blocked. Development of white adipose tissue and the expression of C/EBP␤ in this tissue of FGF10 knockout mice were markedly reduced, and the ability of embryonic fibroblasts derived from FGF10 knockout mice to differentiate into adipocytes was impaired. Therefore, FGF10 plays an important role in adipogenesis, at least partly by contributing to the expression of C/EBP␤ through an autocrine/paracrine mechanism. Received February 8, 2002; revised version accepted March 1, 2002. Adipose tissue contributes to regulation of energy balance, not only by serving as a reservoir of triglycerides but also by secreting circulating factors that affect food intake or metabolism (Hwang et al. 1997;Rosen and Spiegelman 2000;Fruebis et al. 2001;Steppan et al. 2001). Mature adipocytes do not undergo cell division; the number of these cells is therefore thought to increase as a result of the proliferation of preadipocytes and their subsequent differentiation into mature adipocytes. Various factors secreted by adipocytes or preadipocytes have been identified (Hwang et al. 1997;Rosen and Spiegelman 2000;MacDougald and Mandrup 2002), some of which, such as tumor necrosis factor-␣ (Petrunschke and Hauner 1994), Pref-1 (Smas et al. 1997), and Wnt-10b (Ross et al. 2000), regulate adipogenesis by inhibiting the differentiation of these cells. Although factors that promote the proliferation or differentiation of preadipocytes have also been shown to be secreted by such cells isolated from obese humans (Lau et al. 1987) or by mature rat adipocytes (Schillabeer et al. 1989), the nature of these factors has remained unclear.The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family comprises at least 23 proteins (Yamashita et al. 2000;Ornitz and Itoh 2001) that function in an autocrine or paracrine manner and play important roles in the development, maintenance, and repair of tissues (Goldfarb 1996;Ornitz and Itoh 2001). FGF10 was initially identified in rat embryos by homology-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR; Yamasaki et al. 1996). Disruption of the FGF10 gene resulted in complete absence of limb bud formation and severe defects in the branching morphogenesis of the lung (Min et al. 1998;Sekine et al. 1999), indicating that FGF10 is important for development of these organs. On the other hand, we have previously shown that, among the major adult tissues, transcripts of the FGF10 gene are most abundant in adipose tissue . Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) constitute the two principal types of adipose tissue and perform distinct functions (Hwang et al. 1997;Rosen and Spiegelman 2000). The expression of FGF10 is restricted to WAT. In particular, F...

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“…However, it is now considered that adipose cells secrete a large number of bioactive molecules, including adipsin (factor D of the complement system), 1,2 angiotensinogen, 3 tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), 4 leptin, 5 adipocyte complement-related protein of 30 kda (Acrp 30) AdipoQ, 6,7 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). 8 We have identi®ed a novel plasma protein named GBP28 (gelatin-binding protein of 28 kDa), which was puri®ed from human plasma by the use of its af®nity to gelatin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of mouse GBP28 and its induction by exposure to cold

et al. 2001

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OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether the expression of the novel adipose tissue-speci®c protein GBP28 in adipose tissue and serum are altered in mice under a variety of conditions. DESIGN: Mice were fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks, fasted for 48 h or exposed at 4 C. SUBJECTS: C57BLa6J mouse, male, 4 ± 6 weeks old. MEASUREMENTS: GBP28 mRNA, GBP28 protein, blood glucose, insulin and fad pad weight of the mice. RESULTS: We ®rst con®rmed that the mouse has GBP28 and its characteristics are the same as human GBP28. Serum concentration and mRNA levels of GBP28 signi®cantly increased in the mice exposed to cold. CONCLUSION: GBP28 may play a role in homeostasis, regulating body temperature and basal metabolic rate in response to changing environmental conditions.

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Adipsin: A Circulating Serine Protease Homolog Secreted by Adipose Tissue and Sciatic Nerve

Cited by 372 publications

References 18 publications

Two Sides of MGP Null Arterial Disease

Two Sides of MGP Null Arterial Disease

Requirement of fibroblast growth factor 10 in development of white adipose tissue

Characterization of mouse GBP28 and its induction by exposure to cold

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