Adipsin Is Associated with Multiple Sclerosis: A Follow-Up Study of Adipokines

Abstract

Background and Objective. The role of adipokines in regulation of immune responses has been recognized, but very little is known about their impact on multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we analysed whether the major adipokines are differentially expressed in plasma of patients with different MS subtypes and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and explored their association with major disease characteristics. Methods. The levels of adiponectin, adipsin, leptin, and resistin in the plasma of 80 patients with different subtypes of MS and CIS were followed up annually over the two years. The data obtained were correlated with disease activity, EDSS and volumes of T1-weighted lesions (T1-LV), and fluid attenuation inversion recovery lesions (FLAIR-LV) on MRI. Results. In MS group, a correlation was found between the level of adipsin and EDSS score at baseline (r = 0.506, p < 0.001). In RRMS, the levels of adipsin correlated with EDSS scores (r = 0.542, p = 0.002), T1-LV (r = 0.410, p = 0.034), and FLAIR-LV (r = 0.601, p = 0.0001) at baseline and an increase in the T1-LV over the follow-up (r = 0.582, p = 0.003). Associations with other adipokines were not detected. Conclusion. Our exploratory study provides novel insights on the impact of adipokines in MS and suggests that adipsin exerts predictive potential as a biomarker of neurodegeneration.

What is the role of adipokines in myasthenia gravis?

“…A study by Natarajan et al showed that in patients with different subtypes of MS and clinically isolated syndrome, adipsin had a predictive potential as a neurodegeneration biomarker. The obtained data correlated with the disease activity, the Expanded Disability Status Scale, and the volume of changes in magnetic resonance imaging 32. The role of adipokines in the regulation of immune responses in MS was also found in other studies.…”

“…The obtained data correlated with the disease activity, the Expanded Disability Status Scale, and the volume of changes in magnetic resonance imaging. 32 The role of adipokines in the regulation of immune responses in MS was also found in other studies. However, very little is known about their effect on MS.…”

The complex role of adipokines in obesity, inflammation, and autoimmunity

“…However, recipients of adipsin-deficient, but not leptin or adiponectin-deficient adipose remain resistant to arthritis development [174]. A clinical study in MS patients found a strong association with adipsin levels and neurological disability [175]. It will be important to further analyze the role of adipsin in animal models of autoimmune disease to fully understand whether adipsin is pro-or anti-inflammatory.…”

Adipocytes affect castration‐resistant prostate cancer cells to develop the resistance to cytotoxic action of NK cells with alterations of PD‐L1/NKG2D ligand levels in tumor cells

“…Therefore, further studies need to be done to reveal possible implications of other adipokines in such regulation. Especially, the role of adipokines that are reported to be involved in immune response (eg, adipsin, acylation stimulation protein [ASP], serum amyloid A3 [SAA3], and IL‐17D), should be investigated.…”