Adivasis, Preferential Policy and the State in Odisha

Abstract

The Indian state has ratified preferential policies enshrined in the Indian Constitution by ensuring a reserved quota for geographically isolated and underprivileged communities such as adivasis, thereby attempting to integrate them within mainstream society. Computing the data available on the impact of a preferential policy on the adivasis of Odisha, this article argues that although the policy has been relatively useful in securing employment, adivasis of the state remain underrepresented in aggregate numbers and in different groups of services. The article also indicates the existence of a regional disparity even among the adivasis of Odisha with regard to their representation in elite government employment. The real problem is not the preferential policy per se but its poor implementation, abject poverty, bureaucratic apathy and the lack of political will to implement preferential policies effectively. In fact, the practice of preferential policies has sporadically led to violent community conflicts in Odisha and impacted the changing relationship between policy and politics.

India’s Tribal Communities, Remaining at the Margins

“…The British government gave more priority to the former in terms of infrastructural developments than the latter where a large concentration of tribal communities/indigenous people resided. Such uneven development has a spillover effect over intercommunity and intra-tribal development, leading to the uneven advancement of tribal communities in the contemporary period (Ambagudia, 2019b, p. 206).…”