Adjustment and Online Determination of Primary Particle Size in Transferred Arc Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles

Stein, Matthias; Kiesler, Dennis; Kruis, Frank Einar

doi:10.1080/02786826.2013.835484

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…For instance, Schleicher et al coupled a differential mobility analyzer (DMA, classification with respect to the mobility diameter x mob ) with a low‐pressure impactor (yielding the aerodynamic diameter x ad ) for deriving the fractal dimension of aerosol aggregates. Similar experiments were realized by van Gulijk et al for the characterization of soot and by Virtanen et al and Stein et al for the simultaneous analysis of size and effective particle density.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Multiparameter Characterization of Aerosols

Babick

Hillemann

Dillenburger

et al. 2018

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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The performance of particle‐based products depends on a multiple set of particle properties. To monitor them during particle manufacturing, three novel aerosol measurement techniques were developed: wide‐angle light scattering (WALS), three‐dimensional laser scattering (3D‐LSS), and differential aerodynamic particle sizing (DAPS). They measure particle shape, aggregate structure, and particle size, i.e., radius of gyration and aerodynamic diameter. The techniques were tested for rod‐like organic pigments and partially sintered SiO2 aggregates, which were produced by two new aerosol generators.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Multiparameter Characterization of Aerosols

Babick

Hillemann

Dillenburger

et al. 2018

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

Self Cite

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“…Some vapor remains in the reactor to nucleate and form particles on the cooled inner walls of the reactor. These particles have different size distribution and morphology [3] and will not show up in the filter and will not exit the system as a product. The useless product particles can be recycled and reshaped into new electrodes.…”

Section: Evaporation/condensation Of Metal Using Electric Dischargementioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle indicator comparison of copper, silver, zinc and aluminum nanoparticle production through electric arc evaporation or chemical reduction

Slotte

Metha

Zevenhoven

2015

Int J Energy Environ Eng

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Ways to produce metallic nanoparticles and the scale-up of these processes have seen increased interest as the industrial application of nanoparticles continues to grow. Their feasibility from an environmental point of view can be assessed by means of life cycle analysis (LCA). In this work two methods of metallic nanoparticle production, by evaporation/condensation of metal using electrical arc discharge reactors or by chemical reduction of metal salts in aqueous solutions or dry solid/solid mixtures, are evaluated based on the life cycle indicators. The evaporation of metal using electrical discharge reactors is a method studied in the European Commission 7th Framework Program ''BUONAPART-E.'' The environmental impact of the two different nanoparticle production approaches is here compared for four metals: copper, silver, zinc and aluminum. The chemical routes of producing nanoparticles require several different chemicals and reactions, while the electrical discharge routes use electricity to evaporate metal in a reactor under inert atmosphere. The nanoparticle production processes were modeled using ''SimaPro'' LCA software. Data for both the chemical production routes and the arc routes were taken from the literature. The choice of the best route for the production of each metal is strongly dependent on the final yield of the metallic nanoparticles. The yields for the chemical processes are not reported in the open literature, and therefore the comparisons have to be made with varying yields. At similar yields the electrical process has in general a lower environmental footprint than the studied chemical routes. The step or chemical with the greatest environmental impact varies significantly depending on process and metal being studied.

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“…For the mOSU setup each OSU has its own power supply and metal pellet feeding system while the gas feed and circulation system and NP collection filters are shared; for the OSU setup all this is dedicated to just the one evaporation unit. NP size measurements were carried out by project partners assisting other project partners, using methods such as SMPS (consisting of a DMA and an AEM, or a DMA and a CNC), ELPI, TEOM and SWAXS-see [15][16][17][18] for more detail. For the mOSU arc set-up at UDE, 1-2 mm metal "shots" were fed to drop into a tungsten crucible using a specially designed feeding device [14], for the spark system the two electrodes form the metal to be processes into NPs [17].…”

Section: Osu/mosu and Scale-up Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Efficiency and Scalability of Metallic Nanoparticle Production Using Arc/Spark Discharge

Slotte

Zevenhoven

2017

Energies

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Abstract:The increased global demand for metallic nanoparticles for an ever growing number of applications has given rise to a need for larger scale and more efficient nanoparticle (NP) production processes. In this paper one such process is evaluated from the viewpoints of scalability and energy efficiency. Multiple setups of different scale of an arc/spark process were evaluated for energy efficiency and scalability using exergy analysis, heat loss evaluation and life cycle impact assessment, based on data collected from EU FP7 project partners. The energy efficiency of the process is quite low, with e.g., a specific electricity consumption (SEC) of producing~80 nm copper NP of 180 kWh/kg while the thermodynamic minimum energy need is 0.03 kWh/kg. This is due to thermal energy use characteristics of the system. During scale-up of the process the SEC remained similar to that of smaller setups. Loss of NP mass in the tubing of larger setups gives a lower material yield. The variation in material yield has a significant impact on the life cycle impact for the produced NP in both the Human Health and Ecosystem Quality categories while the impact is smaller in the Global Warming and Resource Depletion categories.

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Adjustment and Online Determination of Primary Particle Size in Transferred Arc Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Multiparameter Characterization of Aerosols

Multiparameter Characterization of Aerosols

Life cycle indicator comparison of copper, silver, zinc and aluminum nanoparticle production through electric arc evaporation or chemical reduction

Energy Efficiency and Scalability of Metallic Nanoparticle Production Using Arc/Spark Discharge

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