Adjustment to concentration-dilution of spot urine samples: correlation between specific gravity and creatinine

Carrieri, Mariella; Trevisan, Andrea; Bartolucci, Giovanni Battista

doi:10.1007/s004200000190

Cited by 133 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Kesteloot and Joossens (18 ) reported a mean CR clearance of ϳ101 mL/min in 2075 men and 86.9 mL/min in 1933 women. This and other studies (36,37 ) also showed a decrease in CR clearance with age, leading to increased serum and decreased urinary concentrations at older ages, making CR correction particularly questionable for adjusting urinary hormone values in research concerning aging, such as the transition to menopause.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Comparison of Specific Gravity and Creatinine for Normalizing Urinary Reproductive Hormone Concentrations

Miller¹,

Brindle²,

Holman³

et al. 2004

Clinical Chemistry

277

211

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Background: Specific gravity (SG) may perform as well as creatinine (CR) correction for adjusting urinary hormone concentrations, as well as offer some advantages. We compared the two methods and applied them to US and Bangladeshi specimens to evaluate their use in different populations. Methods: Pearson correlations between serum concentrations and SG, CR, and uncorrected urinary concentrations were compared using paired daily urine and serum specimens from one menstrual cycle from 30 US women. Corrected urinary estrone conjugate and pregnanediol glucuronide concentrations were compared with serum estradiol and progesterone. Urine specimens across one menstrual cycle from 13 Bangladeshi women were used to evaluate the applicability of both methods to a nonindustrialized population. Linear mixed-effects models were used to compare CR and SG values in the Bangladeshi vs US specimens. Results: There was no significant difference between SG-corrected vs serum and CR-corrected vs serum correlations for either assay. Usable CR results were obtained for all US specimens, but 37% of the Bangladeshi specimens were below the CR assay limit of detection. The Bangladeshi sample had significantly lower CR and higher inter-and intrasubject CR variability than the US sample. Conclusions: SG is a potentially useful alternative to CR correction for normalizing urinary steroid hormone

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Comparison of Specific Gravity and Creatinine for Normalizing Urinary Reproductive Hormone Concentrations

Miller¹,

Brindle²,

Holman³

et al. 2004

Clinical Chemistry

277

211

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In particular, specific gravity depends on the degree of hydration and urinary solutes. Therefore, in the antidoping field, as in occupational medicine, adjustment for specific gravity and/or urinary creatinine concentration is currently performed (46 ). Consequently, for calculation of the urinary concentrations of the nandrolone metabolites, the following formula is applied by the majority of antidoping laboratories to correct values for samples for which the specific gravity is Ͼ1.020 (47 ):…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

[13C]Nandrolone Excretion in Trained Athletes: Interindividual Variability in Metabolism

Baume¹,

Avois²,

Schweizer³

et al. 2004

Clinical Chemistry

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Background: Nandrolone is one of the most abused anabolic steroids, and its use in doping is increasing, as revealed by numerous positive cases during recent years in various sports. Different authors have reported the possible natural production of nandrolone metabolites in humans, and some of these authors argued that exhaustive exercise could increase nandrolone production in the body or induce dehydration and consequently lead to an increase of nandrolone metabolites in urine. Methods: Volunteers (n ‫؍‬ 22) ingested two 25-mg doses of [13 C]nandrolone at 24-h intervals and collected urine specimens for 5 days. The labeled nandrolone metabolites 19-norandrosterone and 19-noretiocholanolone were identified and quantified by gas chromatographymass spectrometry. Results: Interindividual variability was observed in nandrolone excretion patterns and kinetics, as well as for the noretiocholanolone:norandrosterone ratio. The amounts of nandrolone metabolites measured at the excretion peak varied between 1180 and 38 661 g/L for norandrosterone and 576 and 12 328 g/L for noretiocholanolone. At the end of the excretion period, the noretiocholanolone:norandrosterone ratio was sometimes >1. The analysis of numerous spot-urine samples allowed the determination of an acceptable correlation between urinary creatinine and specific gravity for placebo-and steroid-treated individuals: y ‫؍‬ 0.0052ln(x) ؉

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“…Concentrated urine was defined as that with creatinine concentrations of Ͼ200 mg/dL for mothers, Ͼ128 mg/dL for 1-and 2-year-old children, and Ͼ150 mg/dL for 3-year old children. 36 …”

Section: Secondary Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Early-Life Bisphenol A Exposure on Behavior and Executive Function in Children

et al. 2011

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Virtually all persons in industrialized countries are exposed to bisphenol A (BPA), and early-life BPA exposure might be associated with behavior problems. Few human studies have been conducted, and the impact of gestational versus childhood BPA exposures is unclear. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:BPA exposure during pregnancy, but not childhood, was associated with worse behavior at 3 years of age, especially among girls. Domains related to behavioral and emotional regulation were most affected by gestational BPA exposure. abstract OBJECTIVES:To estimate the impact of gestational and childhood bisphenol A (BPA) exposures on behavior and executive function at 3 years of age and to determine whether child gender modified those associations. METHODS:We used a prospective birth cohort of 244 mothers and their 3-year-old children from the greater Cincinnati, Ohio, area. We characterized gestational and childhood BPA exposures by using the mean BPA concentrations in maternal (16 and 26 weeks of gestation and birth) and child (1, 2, and 3 years of age) urine samples, respectively. Behavior and executive function were measured by using the Behavior Assessment System for Children 2 (BASC-2) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool (BRIEF-P). RESULTS:BPA was detected in Ͼ97% of the gestational (median: 2.0 g/L) and childhood (median: 4.1 g/L) urine samples. With adjustment for confounders, each 10-fold increase in gestational BPA concentrations was associated with more anxious and depressed behavior on the BASC-2 and poorer emotional control and inhibition on the BRIEF-P. The magnitude of the gestational BPA associations differed according to child gender; BASC-2 and BRIEF-P scores increased 9 to 12 points among girls, but changes were null or negative among boys. Associations between childhood BPA exposure and neurobehavior were largely null and not modified by child gender. CONCLUSIONS:In this study, gestational BPA exposure affected behavioral and emotional regulation domains at 3 years of age, especially among girls. Clinicians may advise concerned patients to reduce their exposure to certain consumer products, but the benefits of such reductions are unclear. Pediatrics 2011;128:873-882 AUTHORS:

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Adjustment to concentration-dilution of spot urine samples: correlation between specific gravity and creatinine

Cited by 133 publications

References 12 publications

Comparison of Specific Gravity and Creatinine for Normalizing Urinary Reproductive Hormone Concentrations

Comparison of Specific Gravity and Creatinine for Normalizing Urinary Reproductive Hormone Concentrations

[13C]Nandrolone Excretion in Trained Athletes: Interindividual Variability in Metabolism

Impact of Early-Life Bisphenol A Exposure on Behavior and Executive Function in Children

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