Adjuvant action of Escherichia coli enterotoxin for delayed-type hypersensitivity to Oka vaccine virus on pernasal co-administration in mice

Live varicella vaccine polarizes the mucosal adjuvant action of cholera toxin or its B subunit on specific Th1‐type helper T cells with a single nasal coadministration in mice

“…The mutant toxin had adjuvant activity to induce both humoral and cellular immunity to VZV on nasal coadministration with the live vaccine. However, Th2-type cells were activated by three administrations over a long period, whereas the activation of Th1-type cells was induced by a single administration, suggesting that the heat-labile enterotoxin induces predominantly a specific Th1-type response to the Oka vaccine [Tsuji et al, 2000;Sasaki et al, 2001;Kamiya et al, 2001]. In contrast, it has been reported that cholera toxin and its B subunit trigger a Th2-type response through suppression of the Th1-type response to an antigen, but they promoted predominantly a Th1-type cell response to the vaccine with a single administration.…”

Induction of cellular immunity to varicella‐zoster virus glycoproteins tested with pernasal coadministration of escherichia coli enterotoxin in mice

“…Cellular immunity to VZV plays a critical role in limiting the morbidity of secondary infection, but it declines with age [Takahashi et al, 1985;Hayward and Herberger, 1987;Grose and Giller, 1988;Arvin, 1992;Gershon et al, 1992;Trannoy et al, 2000;Schmader, 2001]. In previous reports [Sasaki et al, 2000;Kamiya et al, 2001], nasal administration of the vaccine and a mutant toxin, which has strong adjuvant action to induce cellular immunity to VZV, was a convenient way to activate cellular immunity to VZV in mice. However, it has not been clear which glycoproteins of VZV might have the greatest potency to react to cellular immunity induced by a single nasal coadministration of VZV and the mutant toxin in mice.…”

“…The mutant toxin has strong mucosal adjuvant action to KLH, ovalbumin, bovine IgG or measles virus and elevates serum IgG antibody and mucosal IgA antibody to each antigen [Tsuji et al, 1997]. However, in the case of VZV vaccine, it dominantly induces a specific Th1-type T cell response to the vaccine [Sasaki et al, 2000;Tsuji et al, 2000;Kamiya et al, 2001]. The mutant toxin changes a shift of Th1/ Th2 balance for each antigen.…”

“…Purified mutant toxin, 10 mg/dose, was mixed with the Oka vaccine or a glycoprotein in PBS and 20 ml of the mixture was administered pernasally into mice under light pentobarbital sodium anesthesia, as described previously [Sasaki et al, 2000;Kamiya et al, 2001].…”

“…Two months after BALB/c mice were immunized pernasally once with gH:gL(10 mg) and mutant toxin (10 mg), spleen cells from three mice were prepared in RPMI containing 10% FCS and 10 U/ml heparin and mixed. Red blood cells, macrophages, and B cells were separated from spleen cells as described previously [Sasaki et al, 2000;Kamiya et al, 2001]. The antigenpresenting cells were prepared from normal mice and treated with mitomycin C (50 mg/ml ) at 378C for 60 min.…”