Adjuvant Probiotics of Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius AP-32, L. johnsonii MH-68, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CP-9 Attenuate Glycemic Levels and Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Wang, Chung-Hsing; Yen, Hung-Rong; Lu, Wen-Li; Ho, Hao-Chung; Lin, Wen‐Yang; Kuo, Yi‐Wei; Huang, Yen-Yu; Tsai, Shin-Yu; Lin, Hung‐Chih

doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.754401

Cited by 49 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Probiotic supplementation with strains of Bifidobacterium [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ], supplementation with high amylose maize starch [ 49 ], and a blend of RS [ 37 ] has been shown to increase levels of Akkermansia , a genus associated with numerous health benefits [ 50 , 51 ]. We asked whether RPS might simultaneously increase the relative abundance of Akkermansia , potentially as a function of Bifidobacterium increases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of Solnul™ Resistant Potato Starch Produces a Prebiotic Effect in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Bush¹,

Baisley

Harding

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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The effects of resistant starch at high doses have been well-characterized, but the potential prebiotic effects of resistant starch at doses comparable to oligosaccharide prebiotics have not been evaluated. A three-arm randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of 3.5 g and 7 g daily doses of Solnul™ resistant potato starch (RPS) on beneficial populations of gut bacteria and stool consistency after a 4-week period. The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia was determined by employing 16Sv4 sequencing of stool samples. To assess the effect of RPS on laxation and bowel movements, stools were recorded and scored using the Bristol Stool Form Scale. Participants consuming 3.5 g/day of RPS experienced significantly greater changes in Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia compared to the placebo after 4 weeks. The number of diarrhea- and constipation-associated bowel movements were both significantly lower in the 3.5 g RPS arm compared to the placebo group. Participants consuming 7 g of RPS responded similarly to those in the 3.5 g arm. Our analyses demonstrate that Solnul™ RPS has a prebiotic effect when consumed for 4 weeks at the 3.5 g per day dose, stimulating increases in beneficial health-associated bacteria and reducing diarrhea- and constipation-associated bowel movements when compared to the placebo group.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of Solnul™ Resistant Potato Starch Produces a Prebiotic Effect in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Bush¹,

Baisley

Harding

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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show abstract

“…Currently, the most frequently used species are Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium , and they have been evaluated as a useful therapy for the prevention or treatment of gastrointestinal infections, urogenital infections, periodontal diseases, as well as dental caries ( Caglar et al., 2005 ; White et al., 2017 ; Scorletti et al., 2020 ). In addition, probiotics are also conducive to treating immune-mediated diseases by regulating systematic immune responses ( Vleggaar et al., 2008 ; De Filippis et al., 2021 ; Wang et al., 2022 ).…”

Section: Novel Methods Targeting For Microbiota To Attenuate Aihmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gut Microbiota: A Novel Player in Autoimmune Hepatitis

Cheng

Yang

Chu

2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic immune-mediated liver disease distributed globally in all ethnicities with increasing prevalence. If left untreated, the disease will lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, or death. The intestinal microbiota is a complex ecosystem located in the human intestine, which extensively affects the human physiological and pathological processes. With more and more in-depth understandings of intestinal microbiota, a substantial body of studies have verified that the intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in a variety of digestive system diseases, including alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, only a few studies have paid attention to evaluate the relationship between AIH and the intestinal microbiota. While AIH pathogenesis is not fully elucidated yet, some studies have indicated that intestinal microbiota putatively made significant contributions to the occurrence and the development of AIH by triggering several specific signaling pathways, altering the metabolism of intestinal microbiota, as well as modulating the immune response in the intestine and liver. By collecting the latest related literatures, this review summarized the increasing trend of the aerobic bacteria abundance in both AIH patients and AIH mice models. Moreover, the combination of specific bacteria species was found distinct to AIH patients, which could be a promising tool for diagnosing AIH. In addition, there were alterations of luminal metabolites and immune responses, including decreased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), increased pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), imbalanced regulatory T (Treg)/Th17 cells, follicular regulatory T (TFR)/follicular helper T (TFH) cells, and activated natural killer T (NKT) cells. These alterations participate in the onset and the progression of AIH via multiple mechanisms. Therefore, some therapeutic methods based on restoration of intestinal microbiota composition, including probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), as well as targeted intestinal microbiota-associated signaling pathways, confer novel insights into the treatment for AIH patients.

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“…In T1DM patients, Akkermansia muciniphila levels negatively correlate with glucose level and HbA1c [ 155 ], indicating a significant association with T1DM pathophysiology. Probiotic administration, including of Lactobacillus johnsonii , increases Akkermansia muciniphila in T1DM patients, in association with improved glucose control and HbA1c levels [ 156 ]. Interactions of Akkermansia muciniphila with bacteriophages can regulate Akkermansia muciniphila levels [ 157 ], indicating important bacteriophage impacts via Akkermansia muciniphila and the shikimate pathway.…”

Section: Integrating T1dm Pathogenesis and Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Type I Diabetes Pathoetiology and Pathophysiology: Roles of the Gut Microbiome, Pancreatic Cellular Interactions, and the ‘Bystander’ Activation of Memory CD8+ T Cells

Anderson¹

2023

IJMS

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) arises from the failure of pancreatic β-cells to produce adequate insulin, usually as a consequence of extensive pancreatic β-cell destruction. T1DM is classed as an immune-mediated condition. However, the processes that drive pancreatic β-cell apoptosis remain to be determined, resulting in a failure to prevent ongoing cellular destruction. Alteration in mitochondrial function is clearly the major pathophysiological process underpinning pancreatic β-cell loss in T1DM. As with many medical conditions, there is a growing interest in T1DM as to the role of the gut microbiome, including the interactions of gut bacteria with Candida albicans fungal infection. Gut dysbiosis and gut permeability are intimately associated with raised levels of circulating lipopolysaccharide and suppressed butyrate levels, which can act to dysregulate immune responses and systemic mitochondrial function. This manuscript reviews broad bodies of data on T1DM pathophysiology, highlighting the importance of alterations in the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway of pancreatic β-cells in driving mitochondrial dysfunction. The suppression of mitochondrial melatonin makes pancreatic β-cells susceptible to oxidative stress and dysfunctional mitophagy, partly mediated by the loss of melatonin’s induction of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), thereby suppressing mitophagy and increasing autoimmune associated major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-1. The immediate precursor to melatonin, N-acetylserotonin (NAS), is a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mimic, via the activation of the BDNF receptor, TrkB. As both the full-length and truncated TrkB play powerful roles in pancreatic β-cell function and survival, NAS is another important aspect of the melatonergic pathway relevant to pancreatic β-cell destruction in T1DM. The incorporation of the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway in T1DM pathophysiology integrates wide bodies of previously disparate data on pancreatic intercellular processes. The suppression of Akkermansia muciniphila, Lactobacillus johnsonii, butyrate, and the shikimate pathway—including by bacteriophages—contributes to not only pancreatic β-cell apoptosis, but also to the bystander activation of CD8+ T cells, which increases their effector function and prevents their deselection in the thymus. The gut microbiome is therefore a significant determinant of the mitochondrial dysfunction driving pancreatic β-cell loss as well as ‘autoimmune’ effects derived from cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. This has significant future research and treatment implications.

show abstract

Adjuvant Probiotics of Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius AP-32, L. johnsonii MH-68, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CP-9 Attenuate Glycemic Levels and Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 49 publications

References 57 publications

Consumption of Solnul™ Resistant Potato Starch Produces a Prebiotic Effect in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Consumption of Solnul™ Resistant Potato Starch Produces a Prebiotic Effect in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

The Gut Microbiota: A Novel Player in Autoimmune Hepatitis

Type I Diabetes Pathoetiology and Pathophysiology: Roles of the Gut Microbiome, Pancreatic Cellular Interactions, and the ‘Bystander’ Activation of Memory CD8+ T Cells

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