Administration and Dose of the Most Frequently Used Drugs in Paediatrics

Çetinkaya, Şenay

doi:10.5772/34547

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…Nanoemulsion are colloidal dispersions with a size range of 20-400nm [1] and consists of an oil phase, aqueous phase, surfactant and co surfactant at appropriate ratios. Unlike coarse emulsions micronized with external energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Itraconazole Self-Nano Emusifying Drug Delivery System for Enhancement of Solubility

Shrishail M Ghurghure,

Priya L. Ingale,

Anup A. Dhange

et al. 2023

J. Adv. Zool.

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The main objective of formulation is to enhance the bioavailability of the drug within the body. Some of the challenging subjects associated with poorly water-soluble drugs concern solubility and bioavailability factors. To overcome these problems, new technologies, such as lipid-based drug delivery systems including micro or nano emulsifying drug delivery system, have obtained importance in recent years, due to their enhanced solubility and bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract. Such systems are solubilized within the lipid excipients or mixed with oils or surfactants/co-solvents to facilitate the solubility and absorption rate, which can enhance the bioavailability of the targeted drug. The research was targeted to develop a self-Nano Emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for oral bioavailability enhancement of BCS II antifungal drug Itraconazole. Nano Emulsions are consignment methods that improve the solubility and distribution of lipid medicines to the intended areas. SNEDDS of Itraconazole were developed using Castor oil, Tween 20 as surfactant and PEG 200 as co-surfactant. SNEDDS formulation can be obtained through phase diagram approach. Pseudo Ternary phase diagrams were constructed, using Chemix software, to optimize the concentrations of excipients. Thermodynamic stability studies were satisfactory. Robustness to dilution did not exhibit phase separation and drug precipitation. The Among 4 formulations, B1F3 formulation showed more than 95% of drug content and were considered superior and subjected to droplet size analysis and zeta potential measurement. Droplet size ranged from 120 nm to 505 nm. The Nano size was obtained for formulation. The zeta-potential results indicated the range -35 mV. Based on all evaluation tests, formulation B2F3 was chosen as the best. Thus, this self-Nano Emulsifying drug delivery system should be an effective oral dosage form for improving oral bioavailability of lipophilic drug Itraconazole.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Itraconazole Self-Nano Emusifying Drug Delivery System for Enhancement of Solubility

Shrishail M Ghurghure,

Priya L. Ingale,

Anup A. Dhange

et al. 2023

J. Adv. Zool.

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Problems associated with reconstitution, administration, and storage of antibiotic suspensions for pediatrics: a cross-sectional study in Nablus city, Palestine

2015

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BackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotic suspensions use for pediatrics among Palestinian mothers’ including their reconstitution, dose administration, duration, and storage conditions.MethodsThis study was a questionnaire based cross sectional descriptive study. It was conducted at a governmental primary healthcare center and a pediatric private clinic in Nablus city between January and March 2013. A sample of 400 mothers were met and asked to answer a face to face questionnaire.ResultsThe results showed that 347 (86.8 %) of mothers told that they read instructions, 311 (77.8 %) could understand manufacturers’ instructions, and 176 (44.0 %) of mothers asked pharmacists for advice when instructions were not well understood. In order to prepare antibiotic suspension, 302 (75.5 %) used boiled then cooled water, 192 (48.4 %) of mothers used a syringe to measure the needed amount of water, and 304 (76.6 %) added water in two steps, 392 (98.0 %) of mothers claimed that they shook the suspension bottle before use. Regarding dose administration, 313 (78.2 %) considered syringe as the most accurate tool for dose administration, most of mothers told that they gave drug dose with major meals when direction were to give three times daily, about use duration only 6 (1.5 %) mothers said that they used antibiotic suspension after 2 weeks, and 53 (6.5 %) gave left over antibiotic suspension to another child. One hundred seventy seven (44.2 %) mothers told they stored dry powder antibiotic in medicinal cabinet, while 226 (56.5 %) of them stored suspension in refrigerator.ConclusionThe results reflect a good level of correct practice. However, there is a room for improvement. The pharmacists are recommended to explain the correct directions, to supply a syringe with suitable calibration for dose administration, and to counsel parents about suitable storage condition, frequency of dosing and duration of use.

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Self-emulsifying drug delivery formulations

Ibrahim

El-Megraba

Abdallaha

2018

Zagazig Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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As a consequence of modern drug discovery techniques, lipid-based drug delivery systems are the most popular approaches usually used to improve the dissolution and oral bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), as one class of these lipidbased systems, are isotropic mixtures of oil, surfactants and co-surfactants where the drug is usually better soluble than in oil alone. The principal characteristic of SEDDS is their ability to form fine oil in water micro-emulsifying drug delivery systems (MEDDS) upon dilution by an aqueous phase through the gastrointestinal tract. SEDDS are considered promising strategy to improve the rate and extent of oral absorption of drugs. However conventional liquid SEDDS have some limitations, solid SEDDS are prepared by solidification of liquid self-emulsifying ingredients into powders or nanoparticles. This overview gives a particular emphasis on the solidification techniques and applications of liquid SEDDS in the pharmaceutical dosage forms to meet a wide range of the formulation requirements achieving reasonable routes of administration with efficient oral bioavailability.

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Administration and Dose of the Most Frequently Used Drugs in Paediatrics

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Itraconazole Self-Nano Emusifying Drug Delivery System for Enhancement of Solubility

Itraconazole Self-Nano Emusifying Drug Delivery System for Enhancement of Solubility

Problems associated with reconstitution, administration, and storage of antibiotic suspensions for pediatrics: a cross-sectional study in Nablus city, Palestine

Self-emulsifying drug delivery formulations

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