Administration of anabolic steroid during adolescence induces long-term cardiac hypertrophy and increases susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury in adult Wistar rats

Seara, Fernando A.C.; Barbosa, Raiana Andrade Quintanilha; Oliveira, Dahienne Ferreira de; Silva, Diorney Luiz Souza Gran da; Carvalho, Adriana Bastos; Ferreira, Andrea Cláudia Freitas; Nascimento, José; Olivares, Emerson Lopes

doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.01.012

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…High blood pressure is associated with a three to four fold increase in the risk of stroke, fibrillation, and ventricular arrhythmia. 10,11 This study corroborates the results found Seara et al 15 , showing a significant increase in myocardial thickness and ventricular cavity diameter, in male mices.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…12 Other damages are also described by some authors, which demonstrated increased levels of LDL, HDL, NADPH oxidase in association with ventricular hypertrophy in rats treated with nandrolone, doing or not doing exercises. 13,14 For Seara et al, 15 this cardiac hypertrophy is due to the thickening of the posterior wall of the left ventricle and of the interventricular septum in addition to fibrosis, even with discontinuation of the AAS treatment, thus reporting irreversible cardiac damage. And this can occur through several mechanisms, one of which is the increase in cardiac angio-tensin due to the stimulus of the activity of the converting enzyme, and angiotensin II has been related to cardiac remodeling by cellular hypertrophy and collagen deposition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Supraphysiological Doses of Steroids on the Left Ventricle of Sedentary Mice: Morphometric Analysis

et al. 2019

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Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic compounds derived from testosterone, which are widely used in supraphysiological doses by people seeking an aesthetic effect. The objective of the present experiment was to evaluate the possible morphometric changes in the cardiac left ventricle caused by the administration of supraphysiological doses of the anabolic steroids testosterone cypionate and stanozolol in the hearts of young sedentary mice, to serve as a comparative parameter with young mice that were submitted to exercise. We have used 60 hearts of sedentary young Swiss mice, aged ∼ 90 days old (young-adult), with a body weight between 40 and 50 g. The animals were divided into three groups: the control group, the testosterone cypionate group, and the stanozolol group. For the analysis, 10 distinct sections of the apex, of the middle region, and of the base of the heart were selected, followed by an optical microscope measurement with a 2.5x magnification. The results obtained show an increase in both myocardial thickness and left ventricular cavity diameter in the two groups of male animals in relation to the control group; however, in females, an increase in the thickness of the left ventricular myocardium was observed only for the stanozolol group. These results suggest that the cardiac alterations observed in the present study may be directly related to some signs and symptoms already described in the literature, such as hypertension, arrhythmias, infarction, sudden death, and other cardiovascular diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Supraphysiological Doses of Steroids on the Left Ventricle of Sedentary Mice: Morphometric Analysis

et al. 2019

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“…Søndergaard et al analyzed the outcomes of congested heart failure due to AS use and concluded that AS-induced cardiomyopathy was non-reversible, and in the long term, patients may require cardiac devices or implantation [21]. Seara et al also found that chronic AS use was linked to cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial ischemia due to a decrease in catalase mRNA expression [22]. In 2018, Barbosa Neto et al concluded that AS users developed an increase in sympathetic modulation and high blood pressure, which were associated with alterations in the cardiac dimensions; this was primarily reflected in interventricular septal thickness and left ventricle posterior wall thickness [23].…”

Section: Cardiomyopathy and Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anabolic Steroids and Cardiovascular Outcomes: The Controversy

Perry¹,

Schuetz²,

Memon³

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Anabolic steroids (AS) are synthetic derivatives of the male sex hormone testosterone. The use of AS is not limited to bodybuilders and athletes, but non-athletes also use them. It is used to enhance athletic performance, induce muscle hypertrophy, and augment male sexual characteristics. AS use is associated with a wide range of side effects and potential cardiovascular complications. In this article, we have searched the available literature to investigate the association between AS use and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The results revealed that AS was linked to lipid metabolism derangements, hypertension, coagulation disorders, and cardiomyopathy. We concluded, based on the relevant data, that there was evidence that suggests an association with CVD, primarily myocardial infarction, fatal arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy in AS users. The general population should be informed of the risk. Also, methods of primary and secondary prevention should be implemented to mitigate the risk of CVD secondary to AS.

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“…Importantly, clinical evidences suggest that some of these abnormalities, such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, are reversible after AS interruption, but others can persist for long periods or are likely irreversible. Notwithstanding in increasing the susceptibility to myocardial infarction and stroke by the above-mentioned abnormalities, chronic administration of AS has been shown to increase the damage induced by myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, which per se can aggravate the post-infarction prognosis [59][60][61]. Furthermore, recent evidences have demonstrated that therapeutic efficacy of cardioprotective maneuvers against the myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury can be abolished by chronic exposure to AS [62].…”

Section: Cardiovascular Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These effects can be modulated by both membrane and cytosolic receptors, although the precise contribution of each one remains unclear. Furthermore, it remains unclear, though, whether AS exposure can induce long-term increased neuronal susceptibility to redox imbalance, as evidenced in cardiac cells [59]. Given that neurodegenerative diseases occur more frequently in elderly people, the elucidation of this aspect can develop an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of neurodegenerative diseases in former AS abusers.…”

Section: Redox Imbalancementioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiological Repercussions of Anabolic Steroid Abuse: A Road into Neurodegenerative Disorders

Seara¹,

Fortunato²,

Carvalho³

et al. 2018

Sex Hormones in Neurodegenerative Processes and Diseases

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Since its discovery, several chemical modifications in the testosterone molecule have been done by pharmaceutical industry in order to improve its pharmacological effects, resulting in the creation of anabolic steroids (AS). Despite the therapeutic benefits, AS abuse has spread among elite and recreational athletes in the search for improvements on physical appearance and physical performance. Illicit use of anabolic AS has been correlated with several adverse effects, such as cardiovascular, endocrine, reproductive, and neurobehavioral dysfunctions. Recently, declines on cognitive and mnemonic performance have been demonstrated clinically and experimentally. Experimental studies have demonstrated that these neurological dysfunctions are correlated to spread neuronal apoptosis throughout important areas of the central nervous system (CNS), such as hippocampus and cortex. Several pathophysiological mechanisms have been linked to the AS-induced neurotoxicity, including redox imbalance and recruitment of pro-apoptotic downstream pathways. Furthermore, exposure to AS has arisen as a potential risk factor to the development of Alzheimer's disease. Altogether, these evidences imply that AS abuse per se induces neurodegeneration and can aggravate the prognosis of neurodegenerative diseases.

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Administration of anabolic steroid during adolescence induces long-term cardiac hypertrophy and increases susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury in adult Wistar rats

Cited by 31 publications

References 63 publications

Effects of Supraphysiological Doses of Steroids on the Left Ventricle of Sedentary Mice: Morphometric Analysis

Effects of Supraphysiological Doses of Steroids on the Left Ventricle of Sedentary Mice: Morphometric Analysis

Anabolic Steroids and Cardiovascular Outcomes: The Controversy

Neurophysiological Repercussions of Anabolic Steroid Abuse: A Road into Neurodegenerative Disorders

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