Administration Routes as Modulators of the Intrahepatic Distribution and Anti-Anemic Activity of Salicylic Acid/Fe3O4 Nanoparticles

Abstract

The liver is a key organ in the pharmacokinetics of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). This paper examined how the intravenous (IV) or intragastric (IG) route of administration influenced the intrahepatic distribution or therapeutic effects of IONPs. Wistar rats, some with bleeding-induced anemia, and iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with salicylic acid (SaIONPs), with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 73 nm, compatible with rat sinusoid fenestrations, were used in this study. Light microscopy and multispectral camera analysis of Prussian blue labeled SaIONPs allowed mapping of intrahepatic nanoparticle deposits and revealed intrahepatic distribution patterns specific to each route of administration: loading of Kupffer cells and periportal hepatocytes when the IV route was used and predominant loading of hepatocytes when the IG route was used. Reducing the time to return to baseline values for hemoglobin (HGB) in rats with bleeding-induced anemia with IV or IG therapy has proven the therapeutic potential of SaIONPs in such anemias. The long-term follow-up showed that IV therapy resulted in higher HGB values. Proper use of the administration routes may modulate intrahepatic distribution and therapeutic effects of nanoparticles. These results may be beneficial in theragnosis of liver disease.

New 3D Vortex Microfluidic System Tested for Magnetic Core-Shell Fe3O4-SA Nanoparticle Synthesis

“…With an average particle size of 8.52 ± 1.41 nm (determined by TEM analysis), the synthesized Fe 3 O 4 -SA NPs fit within the desirable dimensional range, suggesting the applicability of the obtained materials for bionanomedicine purposes. Moreover, studies have indicated the potential of Fe 3 O 4 -SA NPs of comparable hydrodynamic diameters with those obtained by our DLS analysis (V1-V5) for several biomedical uses, including the management of bleeding-induced anemia [63], melanoma [64,65], and vascular nanoblockages [66].…”

The Histological and Biochemical Assessment of Monoiodoacetate-Induced Knee Osteoarthritis in a Rat Model Treated with Salicylic Acid-Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

“…Previous studies have shown that SaIONPs have effectively overcome these challenges and demonstrated versatility for oral administration. Their presence has been identified in the lamina propria and capillaries of the stomach, small intestine, and proximal colon, indicating their resilience to pH variations and successful absorption throughout the gastrointestinal tract [19]. The toxicity over the liver is expected to occur at much higher concentrations of cumulative doses of SaIONPs corresponding to 6 mg/kg Fe 3 O 4 .…”

“…Although intraperitoneal and intravenous pathways are the most studied administration routes for SaIONPs, oral administration is better tolerated by the patient and has greater convenience. [19].…”