Head motion represents one of the greatest technical obstacles for brain MRI. Accurate detection of artifacts induced by head motion requires precise estimation of movement.However, this estimation may be corrupted by factitious effects owing to main field fluctuations generated by body motion. In the current report, we examine head motion estimation in multiband resting state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study and a comparison 'single-shot' dataset from OregonHealth & Science University. We show unequivocally that respirations contaminate movement estimates in functional MRI and that respiration generates apparent head motion not associated with degraded quality of functional MRI. We have developed a novel approach using a bandstop filter that accurately removes these respiratory effects. Subsequently, we demonstrate that utilizing this filter improves post-processing data quality. Lastly, we demonstrate the real-time implementation of motion estimate filtering in our FIRMM (Framewise Integrated Real-Time MRI Monitoring) software package.(FIRMM) . FIRMM provides near instantaneous analysis of head motion (framewise displacement = FD) during scanning. This feature enables the duration of resting state fMRI scanning to be dynamically determined, that is, for as long as is necessary to acquire a prescribed quantity of data meeting a fixed quality assurance criterion. Thus, FIRMM helps to ensure that an adequate quantity of resting state data is acquired in most participants.It also reduces the need for 'overscanning' all participants in order to ensure adequate acquisitions across subjects. Moreover, subjects who cannot suppress excessive motion can be identified promptly and efficiently excluded from the study. Additionally, FIRMM alerts the scanner operator to changes in participant behavior (e.g., sleep, or increased movement because of discomfort), and also can be utilized to give motion feedback to participants themselves. These advances have been thoroughly detailed in prior reports Greene et al., 2018).Here, we address new issues that have arisen when calculating head motion estimates (FD) fMRI data. Multiband imaging (simultaneous multi-slice sequences [SMS]) is a recently developed technique that substantially speeds up fMRI by exciting multiple slices simultaneously (Feinberg and Yacoub, 2012;Moeller et al., 2010;Uğurbil et al., 2013;Xu et al., 2013). Thus, the time needed to acquire one whole brain volume can be reduced to well below 1 sec. While multiband sequences offer several clear advantages and are now becoming widely used, they come at the cost of reducing the temporal signal to noise ratio (tSNR; (Chen et al., 2015)) and, potentially, new types of 'slice-leakage' artifacts (Barth et al., 2016;Todd et al., 2016).Another unanticipated consequence of the improved temporal resolution of SMS sequences is corruption of head motion estimation (FD) arising from the interaction between echo-planar imaging (EPI) and small perturbatio...