Adolescent cannabis use and risk of mental health problems—the need for newer data

McDonald, André J.; Roerecke, Michael; Mann, Robert E.

doi:10.1111/add.14724

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The studies, most of which were published in the past 2 years, are intended to supplement the quantitative findings and to respond to the call to include more up-to-date literature. 49 While the studies reported mixed findings, many are indicative of a positive association. Seven studies supported an association between cannabis use and increased risk of developing an anxiety disorder and/or increased severity of the condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis Use and Prospective Long-Term Association with Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies: Usage du cannabis et association prospective à long terme avec l’anxiété: une revue systématique et une méta-analyse d’études longitudinales

et al. 2020

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Objectives: Cannabis use is proposed as a risk factor for psychosis and is associated with depressive disorders. However, the relationship between recreational cannabis use and its longitudinal implications on anxiety conditions is less studied. The aim of this investigation is to systematically evaluate published literature and perform a meta-analysis of the data. Methods: A systematic search was performed of MEDLINE, Embase, and PsychINFO from inception to May 31, 2020, in addition to a hand search. Longitudinal studies that evaluated the relationship of cannabis use and development of anxiety were included. Where applicable, adjusted odds ratios ( ORs) were extracted, pooled, and evaluated using random-effects meta-analysis. Results: After screening of unique abstracts ( n = 6835), the final evaluation included 24 studies, of which 10 reported ORs that were analyzed quantitatively. Cannabis use was significantly associated with increased odds of developing any anxiety conditions ( OR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.54). Cannabis use was not significantly associated with developing generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, or social anxiety disorder. Review of studies not reporting OR revealed mixed results but are suggestive of a link between cannabis use and increased rates/severity of anxiety. Conclusions: Published evidence suggests that cannabis use is likely associated with increased risk of anxiety in the long term but variability of study designs precludes declaration of a causal relationship. Awareness of this association is of relevance for both clinical practice and mental health policy implementation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis Use and Prospective Long-Term Association with Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies: Usage du cannabis et association prospective à long terme avec l’anxiété: une revue systématique et une méta-analyse d’études longitudinales

et al. 2020

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“…Dual diagnosis adds complexity to assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and recovery and can be associated with increased incidences of relapse and poorer health. Moreover, during the last decade, the potency of the tetrahydrocannabinol consumed has increased, which could be a determining factor in the association with developing a mental health disorder [ 47 , 48 ]. Future research should also further study the differences in outcomes seen between the sexes and the impact of cannabis use within a socioeconomic and cultural context [ 49 ] and consider if the individuals have CUD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Cannabis Use Disorder and Mental Health Disorders in the Adolescent Population: A Cohort Study

Muñoz-Galán,

Lana-Lander,

Coronado

et al. 2023

Eur Addict Res

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Introduction: According to the literature, early initiation to cannabis use and a dependent pattern of use are important risk factors for the development of mental health disorders. However, there are few cohort studies which look at the development of mental health disorders associated with cannabis use among young people with cannabis use disorder (CUD). The aim of the study was to determine the cumulative incidence of mental health disorders and the risk of developing mental health disorders among minors who commenced treatment for CUD in Catalonia during 2015–2019. Methods: This was a retrospective fixed cohort study, matched for confounding variables, based on data from the Catalan Health Surveillance System. The exposed cohort comprised young people who entered treatment for CUD during 2015–2019 (n = 948) and who were minors on the date of commencing treatment. Matching was done with a paired cohort (n = 4,737), according to confounding variables. Individuals with a diagnosis of a mental health disorder prior to the study period were excluded. The cumulative incidence was calculated for mental health disorders for the exposed and the paired cohorts and stratified by type of mental disorder. Incidence rate ratios were estimated using the conditional Poisson model with robust variance, stratified by sex. Results: The cumulative incidence for development of a mental health disorder was 19.6% in the exposed cohort and 3.1% in the paired cohort; with higher incidence among females (females 32.7%; males 15.8%). The exposed cohort had an 8.7 times increased risk of developing a mental health disorder than the paired cohort. The most frequent diagnoses were reaction to severe stress, adjustment disorder, and personality disorders. Conclusion: This study confirmed that the exposed cohort was at increased risk of developing mental health disorders compared to the paired cohort. To date, few studies have analyzed the association between cannabis use and the development of mental health disorders, considering cannabis dependence. Further studies should be undertaken considering CUD. In addition, more studies are needed to understand the factors that determine the development of CUD. Further research in these areas would contribute to the design of prevention strategies aimed at those young individuals with a higher risk of developing cannabis dependence and suffering its consequences.

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“…With cannabis becoming more available and regulated, research on cannabis is slowly gaining a momentum. While the impact of cannabis on cognitive function and appetite regulation has been the focus of several studies (McDonald et al, 2019; Orr et al, 2020; van Ours & Williams, 2011), for the first time, we assessed serum fatty acid composition in a cohort of young long‐term CU compared to a group of NCU (Da Silva et al, 2019). Notably, we did not observe differences in total peripheral fatty acid concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum lipid analysis and isotopic enrichment is suggestive of greater lipogenesis in young long‐term cannabis users: A secondary analysis of a case–control study

Cisbani

Koppel

Metherel

et al. 2022

Lipids

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Cannabis is now legal in many countries and while numerous studies have reported on its impact on cognition and appetite regulation, none have examined fatty acid metabolism in young cannabis users. We conducted an exploratory analysis to evaluate cannabis impact on fatty acid metabolism in cannabis users (n = 21) and non‐cannabis users (n = 16). Serum levels of some saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, including palmitic, palmitoleic, and oleic acids were higher in cannabis users compared to nonusers. As palmitic acid can be derived from diet or lipogenesis from sugars, we evaluated lipogenesis using a de novo lipogenesis index (palmitate/linoleic acid) and carbon‐specific isotope analysis, which allows for the determination of fatty acid 13C signature. The significantly higher de novo lipogenesis index in the cannabis users group along with a more enriched 13C signature of palmitic acid suggested an increase in lipogenesis. In addition, while serum glucose concentration did not differ between groups, pyruvate and lactate were lower in the cannabis user group, with pyruvate negatively correlating with palmitic acid. Furthermore, the endocannabinoid 2‐arachidonoylglycerol was elevated in cannabis users and could contribute to lipogenesis by activating the cannabinoid receptor 1. Because palmitic acid has been suggested to increase inflammation, we measured peripheral cytokines and observed no changes in inflammatory cytokines. Finally, an anti‐inflammatory metabolite of palmitic acid, palmitoylethanolamide was elevated in cannabis users. Our results suggest that lipogenic activity is increased in cannabis users; however, future studies, including prospective studies that control dietary intake are required.

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Adolescent cannabis use and risk of mental health problems—the need for newer data

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Cannabis Use and Prospective Long-Term Association with Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies: Usage du cannabis et association prospective à long terme avec l’anxiété: une revue systématique et une méta-analyse d’études longitudinales

Cannabis Use and Prospective Long-Term Association with Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies: Usage du cannabis et association prospective à long terme avec l’anxiété: une revue systématique et une méta-analyse d’études longitudinales

Association between Cannabis Use Disorder and Mental Health Disorders in the Adolescent Population: A Cohort Study

Serum lipid analysis and isotopic enrichment is suggestive of greater lipogenesis in young long‐term cannabis users: A secondary analysis of a case–control study

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