Adolescent Dieting: Healthy Weight Control or Borderline Eating Disorder?

Patton, George C; Carlin, J. B.; Shao, Q. T.; Hibbert, Marienne; Rosier, Malcolm J.; Selzer, Rob; Bowes, Glenn

doi:10.1097/00000446-199811000-00010

Cited by 35 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…Such results have been interpreted as consistent with restraint theory, which posits that dietary restriction should increase the risk for the onset of binge eating and bulimic pathology (Polivy & Herman, 1985). Although children with greater body mass are more likely to diet in proportion to their degree of obesity (Hill, Draper, & Stack, 1994;Patton et al, 1997), little is know about the relationship between dieting and disturbed eating in young overweight children, when dieting behaviors may first emerge.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

The perceived onset of dieting and loss of control eating behaviors in overweight children

Tanofsky‐Kraff

Faden

Yanovski

et al. 2005

Int. J. Eat. Disord.

142

115

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Objective-The current study investigated the self-reported temporal relationships of dieting, binge eating, and overweight in childhood.Method-One hundred five non-treatment-seeking overweight children ages 6-13 years were interviewed with the children's Eating Disorder Examination (ChEDE) and queried regarding dieting, loss of control (LOC) eating, and overweight history. Questionnaires of depressive symptoms, trait anxiety, and parent-reported problems were completed.Results-Sixty percent of the children reported having attempted at least one diet. These children had higher ChEDE scores (global, p < .001), greater body mass index (BMI) and body fat mass (p ≤ .001), and a trend towards an earlier reported age of overweight onset (p = .06) compared with children who had never dieted. The 29.5% of children who reported LOC eating had significantly higher ChEDE scores (global, p < .001), ineffectiveness, negative self-esteem, and externalizing scores (all ps < .05) compared with those who had never experienced LOC eating. Most children reported becoming overweight before either dieting (79.4%) or experiencing LOC eating (63.6%). Among the 25.7% reporting both dieting and LOC eating, two thirds reported LOC eating before dieting. Participants who reported dieting before overweight had higher negative mood scores (p < . 01). Children reporting dieting before LOC eating had higher ChEDE Weight Concern (p < .01) and global (p < .05) scores.Discussion-For overweight, non-treatment-seeking children, both dieting and LOC eating are common. Dieting precedes the development of LOC eating only one third of the time, but is associated with greater disordered eating cognitions. The relationship between childhood-onset dieting and LOC eating in overweight children requires further investigation to determine the causal pathways for the subsequent development of eating disorders.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

The perceived onset of dieting and loss of control eating behaviors in overweight children

Tanofsky‐Kraff

Faden

Yanovski

et al. 2005

Int. J. Eat. Disord.

142

115

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“…Whilst the methodology of classical test theory (CTT) has served test development well, item response/latent trait theory (IRT) approaches have become more mainstream as the technical basis for measurement theory, test construction and scale evaluation (Embretson & Reise, 2000). Although moves towards adoption of more appropriate, non-linear and categorical data factor analysis (CDFA) models have been most apparent in ed- Costello, 2002;Cooke & Michie, 1997;Lambert et al, 2003;Patton, Carlin, Shao, Hibbert, & Bowes, 1997;Santor, Ramsay, & Zuroff, 1994). Currently there are very few reports that have applied such methodologies in samples of young children (Cheong & Raudenbush, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has been evidenced by psychometric studies published in, for example, Psychological Assessment and Psychological Methods (e.g. Angold, Erkanli, Silberg, Eaves, & Costello, 2002;Cooke & Michie, 1997;Lambert et al, 2003;Patton, Carlin, Shao, Hibbert, & Bowes, 1997;Santor, Ramsay, & Zuroff, 1994). Currently there are very few reports that have applied such methodologies in samples of young children (Cheong & Raudenbush, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ): A Unidimensional Item Response Theory and Categorical Data Factor Analysis of Self-Report Ratings from a Community Sample of 7-through 11-Year-Old Children

Sharp

Goodyer

Croudace

2006

J Abnorm Child Psychol

300

199

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Item response theory (IRT) and categorical data factor analysis (CDFA) are complementary methods for the analysis of the psychometric properties of psychiatric measures that purport to measure latent constructs. These methods have been applied to relatively few child and adolescent measures. We provide the first combined IRT and CDFA analysis of a clinical measure (the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire-SMFQ) in a community sample of 7-through 11-year-old children. Both latent variable models supported the internal construct validity of a single underlying continuum of severity of depressive symptoms. SMFQ items discriminated well at the more severe end of the depressive latent trait. Item performance was not affected by age, although age correlated significantly with latent SMFQ scores suggesting that symptom severity increased within the age period of 7-11. These results extend existing psychometric studies of the SMFQ and confirm its scaling properties as a potential dimensional measure of symptom severity of childhood depression in community samples. KEY WORDS:Screening; childhood depression; SMFQ; item response theory; categorical data factor analysis.Over the last 40 years, the methods used to evaluate the psychometric basis of ability tests, health care surveys, and multi-item screening instruments has changed dramatically. Whilst the methodology of classical test theory (CTT) has served test development well, item response/latent trait theory (IRT) approaches have become more mainstream as the technical basis for measurement theory, test construction and scale evaluation (Embretson & Reise, 2000). Although moves towards adoption of more appropriate, non-linear and categorical data factor analysis (CDFA) models have been most apparent in ed- Costello, 2002;Cooke & Michie, 1997;Lambert et al., 2003;Patton, Carlin, Shao, Hibbert, & Bowes, 1997;Santor, Ramsay, & Zuroff, 1994). Currently there are very few reports that have applied such methodologies in samples of young children (Cheong & Raudenbush, 2000). One reason for the under-exploitation of such methodologies may be because researchers have not been introduced to the potential and practicalities of these methods (Rouse, Finger, & Butcher, 1999) and are therefore unaware of the advantages they offer over conventional (CTT) methods (van der Linden & Hambleton, 1997). Although CTT is often included in the curriculum of both clinical and applied psychologists, IRT is rarely taught, and has had less coverage in mainstream 380Sharp, Goodyer, and Croudace psychology journals (Embretson & Reise, 2000). We provide an application of IRT and categorical data factor analysis (CDFA) methods to a commonly used self-report measure of depressive symptoms in children, the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ; Angold et al., 1995). As such, the aim of this paper was to scrutinize the internal construct validity of the SMFQ. To this end, we used latent variable models implemented with both an IRT and appropriate factor analysis framework (CDFA). Within a lat...

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“…With respect to mood regulation, dysregulated or reduced 5-HT activity contributes to mood disturbances, particularly depression (Jimerson, et al, 1990;Ressler and Nemeroff, 2000;Wurtman and Wurtman, 1995). Clinical studies reveal associations between caloric restriction and 5-HT disruption (Anderson, et al, 1990;Cowen, et al, 1996;Goodwin, et al, 1987;Walsh, et al, 1995), especially in individuals with eating disorders that typically have HCR and suffer mood disturbances such as anxiety (Godart, et al, 2004;Kaye, et al, 2004;Keel, et al, 2005;Sassaroli, et al, 2005) and depression (Keel, et al, 2005;Mora-Giral, et al, 2004;Patton, et al, 1997;Stice, et al, 2004). Despite these clinical observations, possible associations between altered 5-HT function and caloric restriction have not been studied in animal models of eating or emotional disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A history of caloric restriction induces neurochemical and behavioral changes in rats consistent with models of depression

Chandler‐Laney

Castañeda

Pritchett

et al. 2007

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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A history of dieting is common in individuals suffering from eating disorders for which depression and mood disturbances are also comorbid. We investigated the effect of a history of caloric restriction (HCR) in rats that involved cyclic food restriction and refeeding with varying levels of access to palatable food (PF) on: 1) responses to the SSRI, fluoxetine; 2) monoamine levels in brain regions central to the control of feeding, reward, and mood regulation; and 3) behavioral tests of anxiety and depression. HCR coupled with intermittent but not daily access to PF exaggerated rats' anorectic response to fluoxetine (p<0.05); was associated with a significant 71% and 58% reduction of 5-HT and dopamine, respectively, in the medial prefrontal cortex; and induced behaviors consistent with models of depression. HCR, irrespective of access to PF, abolished the strong association between 5-HT and dopamine turnover in the nucleus accumbens in control rats (r =0.71 vs. -0.06, p<0.01). Access to PF, irrespective of HCR, reduced hypothalamic dopamine. Together, these findings suggest that a history of frequent food restriction-induced weight fluctuation imposes neurochemical changes that negatively impact feeding and mood regulation.

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Adolescent Dieting: Healthy Weight Control or Borderline Eating Disorder?

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

The perceived onset of dieting and loss of control eating behaviors in overweight children

The perceived onset of dieting and loss of control eating behaviors in overweight children

The Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ): A Unidimensional Item Response Theory and Categorical Data Factor Analysis of Self-Report Ratings from a Community Sample of 7-through 11-Year-Old Children

A history of caloric restriction induces neurochemical and behavioral changes in rats consistent with models of depression

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