Adolescent HIV treatment issues in South Africa

Dawood, Halima

doi:10.7196/samj.2015.v105i11.10130

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Compared with adults, young people generally lack sufficient knowledge about HIV and are less likely to be tested. [9] We show that, compared with females, males have a poorer knowledge of TB (62.5% v. 49.3%) and HIV (56.8% v. 47.0%), which is contradictory to other reports [25,26] but might be because adolescent women are more likely to engage in healthcare services (i.e. contraceptive services or antenatal care, which serve as potential sources of information) in our setting.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Knowledge, risk perception and access to healthcare services for HIV and Tuberculosis among university students in Johannesburg, South Africa.

et al. 2018

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South Africa (SA), with an estimated incidence of 781 cases of TB per 100 000 population in 2016, is one of the countries with the highest burden of the disease, and it continues to be a major health problem in the country. [1,2] The relationship between TB and HIV is well documented, and HIV is a major contributor to the TB epidemic. The risk of developing TB among HIV-positive individuals is estimated to be 16-27 times higher than among those who are HIV negative. [3] HIV primarily affects people in their most productive years and, in SA, young people (ages 15-24) have been identified as a high-risk group. [4] Adolescents and young adults face difficult and often confusing emotional and social pressures as they move from childhood to adulthood. Compared with adults, young people generally lack sufficient knowledge about HIV and are less likely to be tested. They also need more support to navigate healthcare and access services. [5-7] The barriers and facilitators of HIV counselling and testing (HCT) among young people have been well described. [7-9] Potential barriers include stigma, discrimination, concerns about confidentiality, lack of adequate housing, education, employment and psychosocial support. Poor HIV and sexual health knowledge, among young women in particular, has been identified as a barrier to HIV testing and prevention. [7-9] Studies have shown that young people's behaviour and how they perceive their risk of acquiring HIV can influence their intentions or decisions to test (e.g. individuals engaging in unsafe sexual practices suspect a positive result and are less likely to test). [10-12]

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Knowledge, risk perception and access to healthcare services for HIV and Tuberculosis among university students in Johannesburg, South Africa.

et al. 2018

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“…The increased number of youths in this age category of 22 to 24 years probably suggest that some of the youths had completed secondary education, and were unemployed while others dropped out before completing schooling. Some of the adolescents and youths within this age group drop out of schooling because of unplanned pregnancies, and the incidence of HIV is high because of young people indulging in risky sexual behaviours (Dawood, 2015) These findings are concurrent with other studies (Eyassu et al, 2016;Semvua et al, 2017;Nachega, Morroni, Zuniga, Schechter, Rockstroh, Solomon, & Sherer, 2012). According to HBM, level of education, age, structural variables, and knowledge about HIV all have positive influence on compliance (Hayden, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

An Exploratory Study of the Determinants of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy by Adolescents and Youths in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Mayeye¹,

Goon²,

Yako³

2019

GJHS

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It is important to understand the factors affecting willingness of adolescents and youths to adhere to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in order to ensure positive treatment outcomes. Drawing on the Health Belief Model (HBM) theory, this study investigated the influence of self-efficacy and perceived benefits on the adherence to ART medications among adolescents and youths in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM) District, Eastern Cape, South Africa. A purposive sample of 206 HIV positive adolescents and youth between age 14 to 24 years receiving ART in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality were interviewed using a self- administered questionnaire covering treatment benefits and self-efficacy. The majority of the participants affirmed strict adherence to the treatment plan is essential for effective ARV treatment (69.4%). The participants always take their medication on schedule (88.8%). It was found that a significant relationship exists between self-efficacy and adherence to ART (p = 0.000). The results suggest that perceived benefits and self-efficacy are a predictor of adherence to ART by adolescents and youths, at least in this setting.

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“…Most reported studies that illustrated an association between HIV infection and delayed pubertal onset and growth failure were done in high-income settings [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. In our study, besides HIV infection itself, additional factors that were evaluated included age at ART start, HIV disease severity and tuberculosis co-infection.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to reports about 2 million adolescents between the ages of 10 and 19 years are living with HIV infection worldwide, with the majority in Sub-Saharan Africa (89%) [ 4 , 5 ]. Barriers to successful treatment include the need for lifelong therapy, denial of the diagnosis, and limited understanding of treatment benefits and treatment side effects such as lipodystrophy and gynaecomastia, which can lead to stigmatisation [ 6 ]. These factors may lead to poor treatment adherence with resultant development of viral resistance and other health issues, including delayed pubertal growth and poor height growth velocity [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and the pubertal growth spurt in South African adolescents living with perinatally-acquired HIV infection

et al. 2022

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Background The majority children living with HIV infection now survive into adulthood because of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), but few data exist on their growth during adolescent years. This study investigated growth patterns and evaluated factors associated with suboptimal growth in adolescents with perinatally-acquired HIV infection. Methods This retrospective cohort study included HIV-infected adolescents, aged 13 to 18 years, with at least 5 years of ART follow-up at a large HIV clinic in the Gauteng Province, South Africa. Weight-for-age Z-scores (WAZ), height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) and body mass index (BMI)-for-age Z-scores were calculated using World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards. Growth velocity graphs were generated utilising the mean height change calculated at 6-monthly intervals, using all available data after ART initiation, to calculate the annual change. Other collected data included WHO HIV disease staging, CD4%, HIV viral loads (VLs), ART regimens and tuberculosis co-infection. Results Included were 288 children with a median age of 6.5 years (IQR 4.2;8.6 years) at ART initiation, and 51.7% were male. At baseline the majority of children had severe disease (92% WHO stages 3&4) and were started on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimens (79.2%). The median CD4% was 13.5% (IQR 7.9;18.9) and median HIV viral load log 5.0 (IQR 4.4;5.5). Baseline stunting (HAZ <-2) was prevalent (55.9%), with a median HAZ of -2.2 (IQR -3.1;-1.3). The median WAZ was -1.5 (IQR -2.5;-0.8), with 29.2% being underweight-for-age (WAZ <-2). The peak height velocity (PHV) in adolescents with baseline stage 3 disease was higher than for those with stage 4 disease. Being older at ART start (p<0.001) and baseline stunting (p<0.001) were associated with poorer growth, resulting in a lower HAZ at study exit, with boys more significantly affected than girls (p<0.001). Conclusions Suboptimal growth in adolescents with perinatally-acquired HIV infection is a significant health concern, especially in children who started ART later in terms of age and who had baseline stunting and is more pronounced in boys than in girls.

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Adolescent HIV treatment issues in South Africa

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Knowledge, risk perception and access to healthcare services for HIV and Tuberculosis among university students in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Knowledge, risk perception and access to healthcare services for HIV and Tuberculosis among university students in Johannesburg, South Africa.

An Exploratory Study of the Determinants of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy by Adolescents and Youths in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Growth and the pubertal growth spurt in South African adolescents living with perinatally-acquired HIV infection

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