Adolescent Identity Treatment

Foelsch, Pamela A.; Schlüter-Müller, Susanne; Odom, Anna E.; Arena, Helen; Borzutzky, H Andrés; Schmeck, Klaus

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-06868-8

Cited by 37 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Paulina Kernberg [10] described a model for understanding the impact of identity diffusion as a pathogenic mechanism in developing a personality disorder in adolescence and stressed the need to differentiate between normal identity crisis and pathological identity diffusion for a targeted therapeutic intervention. These ideas lead to the development of the psychodynamic treatment approach “Adolescent Identity Treatment” ( AIT ) [33]. This treatment focuses on identity diffusion in adolescence and is designed to help young patients to establish satisfying relationships, gain self-esteem and clarify aims in life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identity development in adolescents with mental problems

Jung

Pick

Schlüter-Müller

et al. 2013

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health

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BackgroundIn the revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5), “Identity” is an essential diagnostic criterion for personality disorders (self-related personality functioning) in the alternative approach to the diagnosis of personality disorders in Section III of DSM-5. Integrating a broad range of established identity concepts, AIDA (Assessment of Identity Development in Adolescence) is a new questionnaire to assess pathology-related identity development in healthy and disturbed adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Aim of the present study is to investigate differences in identity development between adolescents with different psychiatric diagnoses.MethodsParticipants were 86 adolescent psychiatric in- and outpatients aged 12 to 18 years. The test set includes the questionnaire AIDA and two semi-structured psychiatric interviews (SCID-II, K-DIPS). The patients were assigned to three diagnostic groups (personality disorders, internalizing disorders, externalizing disorders). Differences were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance MANOVA.ResultsIn line with our hypotheses, patients with personality disorders showed the highest scores in all AIDA scales with T>70. Patients with externalizing disorders showed scores in an average range compared to population norms, while patients with internalizing disorders lay in between with scores around T=60. The AIDA total score was highly significant between the groups with a remarkable effect size of f= 0.44.ConclusionImpairment of identity development differs between adolescent patients with different forms of mental disorders. The AIDA questionnaire is able to discriminate between these groups. This may help to improve assessment and treatment of adolescents with severe psychiatric problems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identity development in adolescents with mental problems

Jung

Pick

Schlüter-Müller

et al. 2013

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health

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“…Many adolescents with borderline PD have experienced traumatic events; however, trauma processing is often not the primary intervention. Primarily, it is necessary to reduce suicidality and increase emotional stability [15,16].…”

Section: Personality Disorders Treatment In a Development Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mentalization-based therapy (MBT), dialectical-behavioral therapy (DBT), and adolescent identity treatment (AIT) are among the most common. It is not so important which specific psychotherapeutic approach is used in the therapy but that certain changes outside the therapeutic relationship are triggered [13,16]. According to Lambert, these changes are to be accountable for 40% of success in psychotherapy [17].…”

Section: Personality Disorders Treatment In a Development Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To achieve an optimal therapeutic process, regardless of the type of therapy, the therapist needs to be open, accepting, and optimistic and maintain a positive mental representation of the adolescent as well as curiosity and interest in getting to know the adolescent as a holistic personality, not only in the context of his or her disorder [16]. Since AIT is a younger and not so known therapy as MBT and DBT, it will be explained in more detail than the last two therapies below.…”

Section: Personality Disorders Treatment In a Development Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adolescent identity treatment (AIT) is an integrative therapeutic approach based on the principles of Paulina Kernberg, which includes modified elements of transference-focused psychotherapy, psychoeducation, behavior-oriented home plans, therapeutic contract, and intensive family work with adolescents and parents (adapted from [16]). Identity diffusion and interpersonal misfunctioning are regarded as the core of the borderline PD in adolescents and, as such, forming a base for the essential principles of AIT.…”

Section: Adolescent Identity Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Personality Disorders in Adolescents and Different Therapeutic Approaches

Kumperščak¹

2020

Neurological and Mental Disorders

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A personality disorder can be diagnosed at any age if the diagnostic criteria are met, which means also in adolescence. Diagnosing personality disorders is important since only with clear diagnosis specialized treatment can be applied. Several specialized (psycho)therapies have been developed for treating adolescent personality disorder with evidence-based efficiency, especially in borderline personality disorder-adolescent identity treatment (AIT), mentalization-based therapy (MBT), and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). All are evidence-based therapies. Pharmacotherapy is not the therapy of choice and only a few studies have clearly demonstrated its efficiency; however, it is still largely utilized in clinical practice.

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Borderline personality disorder: a comprehensive review of diagnosis and clinical presentation, etiology, treatment, and current controversies

Leichsenring,

Fonagy,

Heim

et al. 2024

World Psychiatry

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Borderline personality disorder (BPD) was introduced in the DSM‐III in 1980. From the DSM‐III to the DSM‐5, no major changes have occurred in its defining criteria. The disorder is characterized by instability of self‐image, interpersonal relationships and affects. Further symptoms include impulsivity, intense anger, feelings of emptiness, strong abandonment fears, suicidal or self‐mutilation behavior, and transient stress‐related paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms. There is evidence that BPD can be reliably diagnosed and differentiated from other mental disorders by semi‐structured interviews. The disorder is associated with considerable functional impairment, intensive treatment utilization, and high societal costs. The risk of self‐mutilation and suicide is high. In the general adult population, the lifetime prevalence of BPD has been reported to be from 0.7 to 2.7%, while its prevalence is about 12% in outpatient and 22% in inpatient psychiatric services. BPD is significantly associated with other mental disorders, including depressive disorders, substance use disorders, post‐traumatic stress disorder, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, bulimia nervosa, and other personality disorders. There is convincing evidence to suggest that the interaction between genetic factors and adverse childhood experiences plays a central role in the etiology of BPD. In spite of considerable research, the neurobiological underpinnings of the disorder remain to be clarified. Psychotherapy is the treatment of choice for BPD. Various approaches have been empirically supported in randomized controlled trials, including dialectical behavior therapy, mentalization‐based therapy, transference‐focused therapy, and schema therapy. No approach has proved to be superior to others. Compared to treatment as usual, psychotherapy has proved to be more efficacious, with effect sizes between 0.50 and 0.65 with regard to core BPD symptom severity. However, almost half of the patients do not respond sufficiently to psychotherapy, and further research in this area is warranted. It is not clear whether some patients may benefit more from one psychotherapeutic approach than from others. No evidence is available consistently showing that any psychoactive medication is efficacious for the core features of BPD. For discrete and severe comorbid anxiety or depressive symptoms or psychotic‐like features, pharmacotherapy may be useful. Early diagnosis and treatment of BPD can reduce individual suffering and societal costs. However, more high‐quality studies are required, in both adolescents and adults. This review provides a comprehensive update of the BPD diagnosis and clinical characterization, risk factors, neurobiology, cognition, and management. It also discusses the current controversies concerning the disorder, and highlights the areas in which further research is needed.

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Adolescent Identity Treatment

Cited by 37 publications

References 5 publications

Identity development in adolescents with mental problems

Identity development in adolescents with mental problems

Personality Disorders in Adolescents and Different Therapeutic Approaches

Borderline personality disorder: a comprehensive review of diagnosis and clinical presentation, etiology, treatment, and current controversies

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