Adolescent Obesity Adversely Affects Blood Pressure and Resting Heart Rate

Baba, Reizo; Koketsu, Masaaki; Nagashima, Masami; Inasaka, Hiroshi; Yoshinaga, Masao; Yokota, Mitsuhiro

doi:10.1253/circj.71.722

Cited by 37 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…48 This study also indicated that of the three cardiovascular parameters, SBP showed the strongest association with BMI in both males and females and is in line with a previous study. 46 These findings show that in young adults, BP and HR are strongly related to the degree of adiposity, thus indicating the usefulness of BMI in predicting cardiovascular risks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…These findings agree with previous studies. 44,46 In contrast, however, other studies have shown independent correlation between BMI and DBP but not with SBP 47 or resting HR. 48 This study also indicated that of the three cardiovascular parameters, SBP showed the strongest association with BMI in both males and females and is in line with a previous study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Another reason may be the low cut point used in this study. We could not ascertain the cut points used to determine the prevalence of tachycardia in the above countries, but we believe that if a cutoff X95th percentile as used previously 46 is taken into consideration, the prevalence of tachycardia would have been much lower. In Africa, and specifically in Nigeria, no previous study to our knowledge exists on the prevalence of tachycardia in young adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Relationship of body mass index with haemodynamic variables and abnormalities in young adults

Dimkpa

Oji

2009

J Hum Hypertens

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We aimed at investigating whether the degree of adiposity is related to haemodynamic variables such as systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and resting heart rate (HR), and to haemodynamic abnormalities such as hypertension and resting tachycardia. A cross-sectional study was carried out among young students in Ebonyi State University, Nigeria. A total of 710 subjects (350 males and 360 females) aged 20-25 years were recruited for the study. Resting blood pressure and HR of subjects were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated from height and weight measurements. The observed prevalences in this study were as follows: overweight, 20% in males and 26% in females; obesity, 8% in males and 6% in females; hypertension, 17% in males and 14% in females; and resting tachycardia, 22% in males and 24% in females. In both genders, BMI showed significant correlations (Po0.001 or Po0.01 or Po0.05) with SBP, DBP and HR after controlling for age and physical activity status, and SBP indicated the strongest association with BMI. Furthermore, the prevalence of hypertension and tachycardia increased with an increase in BMI level, whereas overweight/obese subjects indicated significantly higher risk of hypertension than did the non-overweight/obese controls. The present findings therefore strengthen the previously reported usefulness of BMI in predicting cardiovascular risks and add to our understanding of the early development of obesity-related cardiovascular abnormalities in young adults and the need to prevent obesity early in life and to avoid its unfavourable lifethreatening consequences later in life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Relationship of body mass index with haemodynamic variables and abnormalities in young adults

Dimkpa

Oji

2009

J Hum Hypertens

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“…26 In the adolescent, hypertension and a high resting HR are closely associated with adiposity. 27 These results suggest a significant association between HR and metabolic syndrome. Our results also indicate that subjects with a higher HR had higher frequencies of high BP, dyslipidemia, obesity, hyperglycemia (Table 2), and the clustering of these factors (Fig 2).…”

Section: Hr Metabolic Syndrome and Proteinuriamentioning

confidence: 75%

Higher Heart Rate Predicts the Risk of Developing Hypertension in a Normotensive Screened Cohort

Inoue

Iseki

Iseki³

et al. 2007

Circ J

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ypertension is the most prevalent disorder that affects a vast majority of adults in Japan and is an important risk factor for myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular disease. 1 Among the metabolic syndrome components, hypertension is the strongest predictor for cardiovascular events 2 or carotid atherosclerosis. 3 Moreover, high blood pressure (BP) is a useful predictor for excess medical costs. 4 Therefore, the prevention of hypertension is an important public health issue. Patients with prehypertension are at an increased risk for progression to hypertension over a short period; those with a BP ranging 130-139/80-89 mmHg (systolic/diastolic) have twice the risk of developing hypertension as those with lower values. 5 Accordingly, identifying subjects with a high risk of developing hypertension will enable us to better target cost-effective interventions.The heart rate (HR) is easily obtained biologic information that requires no special instruments or techniques, in contrast to other recently developed biometric techniques. As HR fluctuates according to the method of measurement or condition, HR is an unreliable biometric marker to use for epidemiologic research. Furthermore, the significance of a higher HR tends to be underestimated in the clinical setting. Nonetheless, some studies report an association Circulation Journal Vol.71, November 2007 between HR and cardiovascular morbidity or mortality [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and all causes of mortality. [7][8][9][10][11]14,15 A few studies report that HR is a predictor of developing hypertension. [16][17][18][19][20][21] We hypothesized that a high resting HR predicts the development of hypertension or BP progression, even after adjusting for risk factors such as metabolic syndrome or proteinuria. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether a high HR predicts the development of hypertension and BP progression over a short period in normotensive, screened subjects. Methods SubjectsThis was a retrospective longitudinal study. The subjects were the participants of a 1-day health evaluation held by the Okinawa General Health Maintenance Association (OGHMA), which is one of the largest screening centers in Okinawa, Japan. 22 The OGHMA offers a 1-day health evaluation program throughout the year. This program provides thorough anthropometric measurements, a physical examination, laboratory tests and electrocardiography, both for individuals and health maintenance programs of companies and public organizations.Of 9,914 participants in the health screening program in 1997, 5,923 participated in this program in 2000. In the present analysis, 1,592 participants were excluded for the following reasons: prevalent hypertension (systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or use of antihypertensive medications; n=1,408), no electrocardiogram (ECG) recording, or a record of ectopic beats or atrial fibrillation (n=780) or heart disease (history of heart disease or the use of medication for heart disease; n=46). ParticiCirc J 2007; 71: 1755 -1760 (Re...

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“…[1][2][3][4] It is well established that chronic hypertension is associated with the structural and functional changes in the resistance vasculature that are responsible for the elevated peripheral resistance in hypertension; 1,5,6 such structural alterations are termed "vascular remodeling". In the majority of hypertension models studied, the internal diameter is reduced and the wall/lumen ratio is increased in small arteries as a consequence of increased wall thickness.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Dilation Responses of Rat Small Mesenteric Arteries at High Intravascular Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Gündüz

Başkurt

Meiselman

2009

Circ J

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ypertension is a multifactorial, polygenic disease and is an important risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. [1][2][3][4] It is well established that chronic hypertension is associated with the structural and functional changes in the resistance vasculature that are responsible for the elevated peripheral resistance in hypertension; 1,5,6 such structural alterations are termed "vascular remodeling". In the majority of hypertension models studied, the internal diameter is reduced and the wall/lumen ratio is increased in small arteries as a consequence of increased wall thickness. Vascular remodeling is also associated with altered mechanical properties such as reduced distensibility. [5][6][7] In addition, the altered balance of vasoconstrictor and vasodilator systems has an important role in augmenting systemic resistance in hypertension. 8,9 In vitro studies of small arteries from hypertensive animals and humans are widely used in the investigation of hypertension and its complications. Two experimental techniques are commonly used: (1) wire myography and (2) pressurized myography systems. 10,11 The pressurized method has several advantages, including maintenance of the vessel's cylindrical shape and better preservation of the endothelium. The structural and mechanical characteristics of the small arteries of both normotensive and hypertensive rats and humans have been evaluated at different levels of intravascular pressure by the pressurized myography technique. [11][12][13][14][15] In those studies, the small arteries obtained from hypertensive subjects were exposed to intraluminal pressures within a wide range (ie, 3-140 mmHg), and structural and mechanical properties, such as internal and external diameters, cross-sectional area, wall/lumen ratio, distensibility, circumferential wall strain or stress, were evaluated. The results have indicated that small arteries from hypertensive subjects have altered structural and mechanical properties compared with normotensives.Pressurized small artery preparations also have been used to examine the functional properties of vessels from normotensive and hypertensive rats or humans. [16][17][18][19][20][21] However, those studies, which investigated the dilatation responses of small arteries to several agonists or flow by pressurized myography, were only performed under normotensive conditions, and the "normotensive" intraluminal pressures differed among them. Small mesenteric arteries (SMA) are usually exposed to pressures of 30 or 45 mmHg, [16][17][18] whereas small arteries obtained from skeletal muscle are exposed to greater pressures. 19 Pressurized small artery preparations also have been used in several human studies: Numerous studies have investigated the mechanical and morphometric properties of small arteries obtained from hypertensive animals and humans. However, the functional properties of resistance arteries from normotensive and hypertensive subjects have only been examined under normotensive conditions. The objec...

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Adolescent Obesity Adversely Affects Blood Pressure and Resting Heart Rate

Cited by 37 publications

References 45 publications

Relationship of body mass index with haemodynamic variables and abnormalities in young adults

Relationship of body mass index with haemodynamic variables and abnormalities in young adults

Higher Heart Rate Predicts the Risk of Developing Hypertension in a Normotensive Screened Cohort

Vascular Dilation Responses of Rat Small Mesenteric Arteries at High Intravascular Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

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