Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients' Risk of Suicide Attempt at 6-Month Follow-up

Brent, David A.; Kolko, David J.; Wartella, Mary E.; Boylan, Mary Beth; Moritz, Grace; Baugher, Marianne; Zelenak, Janice P.

doi:10.1097/00004583-199301000-00015

Cited by 171 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…However, a decreased catalytic activity and expression of PKCg in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of teenage suicide victims has been observed (Pandey et al, 2004). This discrepancy might be explained by taking into consideration that the neurobiology of teenagers is different from that of adults, since the observation that responses to antidepressant treatments (Hazell et al, 1995;Emslie et al, 1997) and risk factors for suicide (Apter et al, 1995;Brent et al, 1993) differ between adolescents and adults with depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidepressant phenotype by inhibiting the phospholipase Cβ1 – Protein kinase Cγ pathway in the forced swim test

Galeotti¹,

Ghelardini²

2011

Neuropharmacology

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a b s t r a c tAlthough great advances have recently been made in the study of signal transduction, the pathogenesis of affective disorders is still unknown. There is mounting evidence suggesting that elevated phosphoinositideeprotein kinase C (PIePKC) signal transduction pathway may be a pathophysiological feature of bipolar and major depressive disorders. The aim of the present study was to further investigated the phospholipase Ceprotein kinase C (PLCePKC) cascade by evaluating the effect produced by an acute blockade of this intracellular pathway at PLC and PKC level. Adult male mice were administered with pharmacological inhibitors of PLC or PKC and then subjected to the forced swim test (FST), an animal model which emulates the behavioural despair paradigm of depression. In this study we also tested the hypothesis that it might be possible to selectively modulate depressive behaviour by inhibiting the expression of specific PLC and PKC isoforms by means of specific antisense oligonucleotides (aODNs). Administration of the PLC inhibitors neomycin and U73122 as well as of the PKC inhibitors calphostin C and chelerytrine dose-dependently reduced the immobility time in the FST producing an antidepressant-like behaviour. Selective knockdown of the PLCb 1 and PKCg isoforms also induced an antidepressant phenotype. Conversely, the inhibition of the expression of PLCb 3 was unable to modify the immobility time values. The PLC and PKC modulators used, at the highest effective doses, altered neither locomotor activity nor motor coordination. We demonstrate that selective blockade of PLCb 1 ePKCg signalling pathway produces an antidepressant-like phenotype in mice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidepressant phenotype by inhibiting the phospholipase Cβ1 – Protein kinase Cγ pathway in the forced swim test

Galeotti¹,

Ghelardini²

2011

Neuropharmacology

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“…Although differences in past substance abuse have been documented, some evidence suggests that these groups do not differ in terms of past substance dependence (Gmitrowicz & Kolodziej-Maciejewska, 2002), but alcohol and other substances are important contributors to both unintended injuries (Vinson, Maclure, Reidinger, & Smith, 2003) and a wide range of medical conditions (Weathermon & Crabb, 1999). However, when comparing ER suicide attempters with psychiatric controls, researchers report that substance abuse does not differentiate these groups (Brent et al, 1993;Spirito, Stark, Fristad, Hart, & Owens-Stively, 1987). Thus, it is possible that substance abuse is less likely to differentiate hospitalized suicide attempters from a control group as the psychiatric severity of the control group increases.…”

Section: Distal Effects Of A→smentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent alcohol involvement and suicide attempts: Toward the development of a conceptual framework

Bagge

Sher

2008

Clinical Psychology Review

114

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The present article provides a conceptual framework of the relation between alcohol involvement (A) and suicide attempts (S). This framework can be broadly construed to reflect two dimensions: directionality (direction of causality; A→S, S→A, or a spurious relation) and temporality (distinguishing between proximal and distal effects of both behaviors). We review and evaluate the evidence on the association between A and S among adolescents using this conceptual framework as a guide. The extant data suggest that this relation is complex and not fully understood. Further, it seems unlikely that a single approach will be found to determine direction of causality, and the specification and validation of hypothesized mechanisms will involve a variety of different types of evidence. Suggestions for additional research using informative designs are discussed.Suicide is the third leading cause of death among adolescents and accounts for more deaths per year than the next seven leading causes combined (Anderson & Smith, 2003). In 2004, the incidence of suicide was 1.3/100,000 per year among youth aged 10-14 and 8.2/100,000 per year among adolescents aged 15-19 (Center of Disease Control [CDC], 2005). It is estimated that for every death by suicide there are between 8 to 25 nonfatal suicide attempts (Moscicki, 2001). Beyond the tragedy of self-inflicted mortality, the repercussions of adolescent suicide on close friends, extended peer networks, and the family are often severe and account for additional emotional and economic costs to individuals and society (Miller, Covington, & Jenson, 1999). Recognizing the importance of adolescent suicide and suicide attempts to the Nation's health, Healthy People 2010 (Department of Health and Human Services [DHHS], 2000) has listed as high priority goals to reduce, by more than half, completed suicide overall and suicide attempts in youth.Given the seriousness of suicide, there is historical interest in identifying the factors that predispose adolescents to attempt suicide. Alcohol involvement (AI) is consistently implicated in adolescent suicide attempts (Mehlenbeck, Spirito, Barnett, & Overholser, 2003). This association has been hypothesized since the birth of modern psychiatry. Menninger conceptualized addiction as both a protracted from of chronic suicide and as playing a part in focal deliberate "accidents" (Menninger, 1938). Similar to Menninger, we believe that alcohol can relate to suicide attempts both situationally and chronically, and the aim of this paper is to put forth a conceptual framework of the relation between AI and suicide attempts.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Courtney L. Bagge, University of Missouri-Columbia, Department of Psychological Sciences, 200 South Seventh Street, Columbia, MO 65211-0001. I may also be reached by telephone at (573) 882-9770, by fax at (573) 884-5588 or by email at CLBF34@mizzou.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a...

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“…The characteristics and the risk factors for teenage suicide may be similar to those of adult suicide in some respects but are different in others. Teenage suicide is driven primarily by impulsive aggressive behavior and is also prone to stress and other environmental factors (Apter et al, 1995;Brent et al, 1993). Protein phosphorylation of neurotransmitter receptors, transcription factors, and other proteins mediated by kinases is a primary mechanism for the regulation of neurotransmitter function, such as inactivation of neurotransmitter receptors causing their downregulation or desensitization, release of neurotransmitters, modulation of transcription factors, and activation and therefore regulation of gene expression (Nestler and Greengard, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Region Specific Alterations in the Protein and mRNA Levels of Protein Kinase A Subunits in the Post-Mortem Brain of Teenage Suicide Victims

Pandey

Dwivedi

Ren

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Protein kinase A (PKA), a critical component of the adenylyl cyclase signaling system, phosphorylates crucial proteins and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and suicide. The objective of the study was to examine if changes in PKA activity or in the protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of any of its subunits are related to the pathophysiology of teenage suicide. We determined PKA activity and the protein and mRNA expression of different subunits of PKA in cytosol and membrane fractions obtained from the prefrontal cortex, (PFC) hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens (NA) of post-mortem brain from 17 teenage suicide victims and 17 nonpsychiatric control subjects. PKA activity was significantly decreased in the PFC but not the hippocampus of teenage suicide victims as compared with controls. However, the protein and mRNA expression of only two PKA subunits, that is, PKA RIa and PKA RIb, but not any other subunits were significantly decreased in both membrane and cytosol fractions of the PFC and protein expression of RIa and RIb in the NA of teenage suicide victims as compared to controls. A decrease in protein and mRNA expression of two specific PKA subunits may be associated with the pathogenesis of teenage suicide, and this decrease may be brain region specific, which may be related to the specific behavioral functions associated with these brain areas. Whether these changes in PKA subunits are related to suicidal behavior or are a result of suicide or are specific to suicide is not clear at this point.

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Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients' Risk of Suicide Attempt at 6-Month Follow-up

Cited by 171 publications

References 64 publications

Antidepressant phenotype by inhibiting the phospholipase Cβ1 – Protein kinase Cγ pathway in the forced swim test

Antidepressant phenotype by inhibiting the phospholipase Cβ1 – Protein kinase Cγ pathway in the forced swim test

Adolescent alcohol involvement and suicide attempts: Toward the development of a conceptual framework

Brain Region Specific Alterations in the Protein and mRNA Levels of Protein Kinase A Subunits in the Post-Mortem Brain of Teenage Suicide Victims

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