Adolescent smoking risk increases with wider income gaps between rich and poor

Mistry, Ritesh; McCarthy, William J.; Vogli, Roberto De; Crespi, Catherine M.; Wu, Qian; Patel, Minal

doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.10.004

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Other studies report a positive relationship between income, in particular having access to discretionary income (Hong, Rice, & Johnson, 2011), and cigarette use (Ben Lakhdar, Cauchie, Vaillant, & Wolff, 2012). Further, the effect of income on adolescent cigarette use may not be limited to the adolescents’ family and personal income, but aspects of the broader community's income may also play a role in the regular smoking among this age group (Mistry et al, 2011). …”

Section: Other Substance Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Gender, Depressive Symptoms, and Daily Cigarette Use

Bares

2014

Journal of Dual Diagnosis

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Objective It is widely known that cigarette use and depressive symptoms co-occur during adolescence and young adulthood and that there are gender differences in smoking initiation, progression, and co-occurrence with other drug use. Given that females have an earlier onset of depressive symptoms while males have an earlier onset of cigarette use, this study explored the possible bidirectional development of cigarette use and depressive symptoms by gender across the transition from adolescence to young adulthood. Gender differences in the stability and crossed effects of depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking during the transition to young adulthood, controlling for other known risk factors, were examined using a nationally representative longitudinal sample. Methods A bivariate auto-regressive multi-group structural equation model examined the longitudinal stability and crossed relationships between a latent construct of depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking over four waves of data. Data for this study came from four waves of participants (N=6,501) from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health. At each of four waves, participants completed a battery of measures including questions on depressive symptoms and an ordinal measure of number of cigarettes smoked per day. Results The best fitting bivariate autoregressive models were gender-specific, included both crossed and parallel associations between depressive symptoms and cigarette use during the transition to adulthood, and controlled for wave-specific parental smoking, alcohol use, and number of friends who smoke. For females, greater depressive symptoms at each wave, except the first one, were associated with greater subsequent cigarette use. There were bidirectional associations between depressive symptoms and cigarette use only for females during young adulthood, but not for males. Conclusions The development of depressive symptoms and cigarette use from adolescence and into young adulthood follows similar patterns for males and females. Controlling for the correlation and stability between initial levels of depressive symptoms and cigarette use from adolescence into young adulthood, there remains a crossed association between cigarette use and depressive symptoms specific for females during young adulthood. The findings suggest that prevention interventions focused on mental health should include warnings that cigarette use may exacerbate depressive symptoms.

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Section: Other Substance Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Gender, Depressive Symptoms, and Daily Cigarette Use

Bares

2014

Journal of Dual Diagnosis

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“…Among adolescents (mean age 15), higher income inequality at the county-level predicted elevated prevalence of smoking among white and Hispanic boys but not among African Americans or girls. 45 Importantly, all three studies relied on self-reported measures of smoking, and did not examine exposure to SHS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Income Inequality and US Children’s Secondhand Smoke Exposure: Distinct Associations by Race–Ethnicity

Shenassa

Rossen

Cohen

et al. 2016

NICTOB

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Introduction Prior studies have found considerable racial and ethnic disparities in secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. Although a number of individual-level determinants of this disparity have been identified, contextual determinants of racial and ethnic disparities in SHS exposure remain unexamined. The objective of this study was to examine disparities in serum cotinine in relation to area-level income inequality among 14 649 children from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods We fit log-normal regression models to examine disparities in serum cotinine in relation to Metropolitan Statistical Areas level income inequality among 14 649 nonsmoking children aged 3–15 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2012). Result Non-Hispanic black children had significantly lower serum cotinine than non-Hispanic white children (−0.26; 95% CI: −0.38, −0.15) in low income inequality areas, but this difference was attenuated in areas with high income inequality (0.01; 95% CI: −0.16, 0.18). Serum cotinine declined for non-Hispanic white and Mexican American children with increasing income inequality. Serum cotinine did not change as a function of the level of income inequality among non-Hispanic black children. Conclusions We have found evidence of differential associations between SHS exposure and income inequality by race and ethnicity. Further examination of environments which engender SHS exposure among children across various racial/ethnic subgroups can foster a better understanding of how area-level income inequality relates to health outcomes such as levels of SHS exposure and how those associations differ by race/ethnicity. Implications In the United States, the association between children’s risk of SHS exposure and income inequality is modified by race/ethnicity in a manner that is inconsistent with theories of income inequality. In overall analysis this association appears to be as predicted by theory. However, race-specific analyses reveal that higher levels of income inequality are associated with lower levels of SHS exposure among white children, while levels of SHS exposure among non-Hispanic black children are largely invariant to area-level income inequality. Future examination of the link between income inequality and smoking-related health outcomes should consider differential associations across racial and ethnic subpopulations.

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“…É neste período que os adolescentes definem o seu estilo de vida e podem iniciar o consumo regular de tabaco até à idade adulta 5 . Nesta transição, os adolescentes estão expostos a fases de risco, inadaptação e provação 6 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified