Adolescent traumatic brain injuries: Onset, mechanism and links with current academic performance and physical injuries

Ilie, Gabriela; Trenholm, Michelle; Boak, Angela; Mann, Robert E.; Adlaf, Edward M.; Asbridge, Mark; Hamilton, Hayley; Rehm, Jürgen; Rutledge, Robert; Cusiman, Michael D.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0229489

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…This finding reflects the previous data situation regarding severely injured patients in the TR-DGU and the current literature [1]. Thus, Ilie et al came to a comparable conclusion in their study [28]. Interestingly, however, the distribution of gender in children, especially the younger that they are, is somewhat more balanced than that in the adult collective.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Is prehospital intubation of severely injured children in accordance with guidelines?

et al. 2022

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Background The current German S3 guideline for polytrauma lists five criteria for prehospital intubation: apnea, severe traumatic brain injury (GCS ≤8), severe chest trauma with respiratory failure, hypoxia, and persistent hemodynamic instability. These guideline criteria, used in adults in daily practice, have not been previously studied in a collection of severely injured children. The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which the criteria are implemented in clinical practice using a multivariate risk analysis of severely injured children. Methods Data of 289,698 patients from the TraumaRegister DGU® were analyzed. Children meeting the following criteria were included: Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale 3+, primary admission, German-speaking countries, years 2008–2017, and declaration of intubation. Since children show age-dependent deviating physiology, four age groups were defined (years old: 0–2; 3–6; 7–11; 12–15). An adult collective served as a control group (age: 20–50). After a descriptive analysis in the first step, factors leading to prehospital intubation in severely injured children were analyzed with a multivariate regression analysis. Results A total of 4489 children met the inclusion criteria. In this cohort, young children up to 2 years old had the significantly highest injury severity (Injury Severity Score: 21; p ≤ 0.001). Falls from both high (> 3 m) and low heights (< 3 m) were more common in children than in adults. The same finding applied to the occurrence of severe traumatic brain injury. When at least one intubation criterion was formally present, the group up to 6 years old was least likely to actually be intubated (61.4%; p ≤ 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤ 8 in particular had the greatest influence on intubation (odds ratio: 26.9; p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions The data presented here show for the first time that the existing criteria in the guideline for prehospital intubation are applied in clinical practice (approximately 70% of cases), compared to adults, in the vast majority of injured children. Although severely injured children still represent a minority of all injured patients, future guidelines should focus more on them and address them in a specialized manner.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Is prehospital intubation of severely injured children in accordance with guidelines?

et al. 2022

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“…Responses were recoded to create a binary lifetime TBI measure (0 = no, 1 = yes). This definition of lifetime TBI is consistent with the diagnostic criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition [38] and has PLOS ONE been used previously in other research studies [20,39,40]. This is a preliminary measure at the population level, and excludes milder injuries when the person lost consciousness for less than 5 minutes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic brain injuries and problem gambling in youth: Evidence from a population-based study of secondary students in Ontario, Canada

et al. 2020

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by a change in brain function after an external force or sudden movement to the head. TBI is associated with risk-taking, impulsivity, psychological distress, substance abuse, and violent crime. Previous studies have also linked problem gambling to TBI, but these studies have not controlled for possible confounding variables such as mental health problems and hazardous drinking which are also linked to TBI. This study examines the relationship between problem gambling and TBI among adolescents. Data were obtained from the 2011, 2013 and 2015 cycles of the OSDUHS, a biennial cross-sectional school-based study of children in grades 7 to 12 (N = 9,198). Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) in controlled and uncontrolled analyses. Adjusting for sex and grade only, problem gambling was associated with a history of TBI (AOR = 2.8). This association remained significant after adjusting for hazardous drinking and suicidality (AOR = 2.0). In addition, problem gambling had a statistically significant relationship with being male (AOR = 4.7), hazardous drinking (AOR = 4.5), and suicidality (AOR = 3.1). This study provides further data to suggest a link between TBI and problem gambling. However, research is needed on the causal relationship between these variables and the potential implications for treatment and prevention.

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“…EFs include a set of core cognitive capacities for self-regulation, creativity, and flexibility (Diamond, 2013; Diamond & Lee, 2011). Deficits in EF were shown to have profound implications for the children’s daily executive behaviors (Diamond, 2013) and quality-of-life (Câmara-Costa et al, 2020), as reflected in increased attention problems (Le Fur et al, 2020), poorer academic performance (Ilie et al, 2020), and poorer psychosocial adjustment (Keenan et al, 2018; Kennedy et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VR-based cognitive rehabilitation for children with traumatic brain injuries: Feasibility and safety.

Shen¹,

Lundine²,

Koterba³

et al. 2022

Rehabilitation Psychology

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Impact and ImplicationsChildhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) poses significant impairment in children's executive functions (EFs), yet interventions specifically designed for children's EF rehabilitation post-TBI and rigorous clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of such interventions remain lacking. Per the ORBIT model, this study served as the Phase II (a-b) of randomized clinical trials to conduct preliminary testing on the feasibility and safety of a novel virtual reality (VR)-based training program for EF rehabilitation for childhood TBI. Knowledge from this research serves as the empirical basis for the next phase of the research program to evaluate the efficacy of the VR program in pediatric TBI cognitive rehabilitation.

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Adolescent traumatic brain injuries: Onset, mechanism and links with current academic performance and physical injuries

Cited by 16 publications

References 45 publications

Is prehospital intubation of severely injured children in accordance with guidelines?

Is prehospital intubation of severely injured children in accordance with guidelines?

Traumatic brain injuries and problem gambling in youth: Evidence from a population-based study of secondary students in Ontario, Canada

VR-based cognitive rehabilitation for children with traumatic brain injuries: Feasibility and safety.

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