Adolescent With Pain and Necrosis Following Intramuscular Injection

Greenky, David; Dixon, R. M.

doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.1881

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…[1][2][3] Despite the rapid effect of injecting drugs, intramuscular injection and intravenous drip can bring obvious pain, high risk of complications, and uncertain pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. [4][5][6] In oral administration, the drug molecules principally enter the human blood through the absorption of the gastrointestinal mucosa, [7] and reach different human tissues through the blood circulation. [8] This mode of administration requires high drug stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, the most common ways of clinical administration are oral administration, intramuscular injection, and intravenous drip [1–3] . Despite the rapid effect of injecting drugs, intramuscular injection and intravenous drip can bring obvious pain, high risk of complications, and uncertain pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics [4–6] . In oral administration, the drug molecules principally enter the human blood through the absorption of the gastrointestinal mucosa, [7] and reach different human tissues through the blood circulation [8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A pH‐responsive Zr‐based metal organic framework PCN‐777 as a potential oral drug carrier

Jiang

et al. 2023

Zeitschrift anorg allge chemie

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A Zr‐based metal‐organic framework PCN‐777 with good biocompatibility was synthesized by solvothermal method using 2,4,6‐Tris(4‐Carboxyphenyl)‐1,3,5‐Triazine and ZrOCl2 ⋅ 8H2O as raw materials. Its structure was identified and the results showed that it had good crystallinity. Then the anti‐inflammatory drug ibuprofen sodium was loaded into PCN‐777 to establish an IBUNa@PCN‐777 compound and the maximum loading capacity was tested. When the mass ratio of IBUNa to PCN‐777 was 4 : 1, the loading of IBUNa in IBUNa@PCN‐777 reached the maximum value 72.53 wt %. Biocompatibility investigation indicated PCN‐777 and IBUNa@PCN‐777 had good biocompatibility. Moreover, the drug release behavior of IBUNa@PCN‐777 testified the drug release at pH 7.4(>80 %) was greater than that at pH 2.0(<20 %). indicated that IBUNa@PCN‐777 had good pH response in simulated digestive environments. The above results demonstrated that PCN‐777 had potential application prospects as an oral drug carrier.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pH‐responsive Zr‐based metal organic framework PCN‐777 as a potential oral drug carrier

Jiang

et al. 2023

Zeitschrift anorg allge chemie

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“…Acetaminophen (Paracetamol), Anti-flu vaccine, B complex vitamin, Bortezomib, Buprenorphine, Calcium hydroxide, Ceftriaxone, Chlorpheniramine maleate, Chlorpromazine, Cortivazol, Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12), Cyclizine, Dicyclomine, Diphenhydramine, Epinephrine, Etanercept, Etofenamate, Gentamicin, Hydrocortisone, Hydroxyzine, Interferon Beta, Ketoprofen, Ketorolac, Meperidine, Methylprednisolone, Naltrexone, Paramethasone, Phenobarbital, Phenylbutazone, Pneumococcal vaccine, Sodium tetradecyl sulfate, Streptomycin, Sulfapyridine, Sulfonamide, Terlipressin, Tetracycline, Varicella vaccine, Vitamin K1,4,8,11,13,17,18,26,31,40,61,72,[79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicolau syndrome: a review of case studies

Mojarrad¹,

Mollazadeh²,

Barikbin³

et al. 2021

Pharm Sci

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Nicolau syndrome, although it is quite rare, often occurs following intramuscular injections of different medications, especially diclofenac and penicillins. Accordingly, its symptoms usually begin with severe pain during injection, leading to ulceration and necrosis of the local tissue over time. Immediate diagnosis and treatment in the case of this syndrome, are of great importance. There are no established criteria for Nicolau's diagnosis, and preferably, these can be achieved by examining the patient's symptoms and eliminating differential diagnoses. The proposed treatments are primarily symptomatic therapy and measures such as fasciotomy, debridement, and plastic surgery provided in the affected area. The exact cause of this syndrome has not been determined yet. However, since vasospasm, thrombosis, and embolism have been observed in majority of Nicolau syndrome cases, so any intra-arterial/para-arterial injection or any other factor leading to these three conditions could be hypothetically regarded as the cause of this problem. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Nicolau's symptoms, diagnosis, treatment methods, and prevention. It also investigates the association between the incidence of this disease and some factors such as gender, age, injection method, and causative drugs, in order to widen our understanding on this syndrome and help practitioners with a much faster diagnosis method and step-by-step approach to Nicolau syndrome.

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Dicycloverine

2017

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Adolescent With Pain and Necrosis Following Intramuscular Injection

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

A pH‐responsive Zr‐based metal organic framework PCN‐777 as a potential oral drug carrier

A pH‐responsive Zr‐based metal organic framework PCN‐777 as a potential oral drug carrier

Nicolau syndrome: a review of case studies

Dicycloverine

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