Adolescente con autolesiones no suicidas en un entorno de adversidad psicosocial

Abstract

Presentación de casos clínicos RESUMENLas conductas lesivas no suicidas suponen un problema sanitario de creciente importancia, con una prevalencia en muestras comunitarias de adolescentes del 15-20 %. Las autolesiones pueden tener un significado diverso; se clasifican en intrapersonales o interpersonales; son un factor de riesgo y evolutivo, con inicio en la adolescencia temprana. Se presenta el caso de una adolescente de 12 años con factores de riesgo psicosociales, que acudió a la consulta por cortes autoinfligidos en los brazos y las piernas, realizados con una cuchilla de afeitar, detectados en el colegio. Se intervino potenciando la autoestima y en regulación de emociones con intervención multidisciplinar (sistema educativo, servicios sociales, psiquiatría infantojuvenil y pediatría), con una evolución positiva. Es vital su detección y abordaje con el paciente y su familia para evitar riesgos futuros, especialmente, de patología psíquica. La intervención se realiza desde la Atención Primaria, pero precisa la colaboración de otros profesionales. Palabras clave: conducta autodestructiva no suicida, psiquiatría del adolescente, psiquiatría infantil. ABSTRACTNon-suicidal harmful behaviors pose a health problem of increasing importance, with a prevalence in community samples of adolescents of 15-20 %. Self-harm can have adverse meaning, qualifying in intrapersonal or interpersonal; they are a risk and evolutionary factor, with an age of onset in early adolescence. We present the case of a 12-year-old adolescent with psychosocial risk factors, who went to the consultation for self-cuts in arms and legs, made with a razor, detected in the school. It was enhanced her self-steem an guided in regulation of emotions with multidisciplinary intervention (educational system, social services, infantile-juvenile Psychiatry and Pediatrics), with a positive evolution. It is vital to detect and approach this issue with the patient and the family to avoid future risks, especially psychic pathology. The intervention is done from Primary Care, but it is necessary the collaboration of other professionals.

Self-Mutilation Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

“…In Spain, 102 an adolescent reports having seen this self-mutilation practice on the internet when she was nervous, which triggered self-mutilation. In this way, the internet becomes an environment of great influence in self-mutilation in adolescents due to access to digital media, who show a reality opposite to that of adolescents, generating low self-esteem.…”

Automutilação Entre Adolescentes: Revisão Sistemática Com Metanálise

“…Na Espanha, 102 uma adolescente relata ter visto essa prática de automutilação pela internet quando estava nervosa, o que desencadeou a automutilação. Dessa forma, a internet torna-se um ambiente de bastante influência na prática de automutilação em adolescentes pelo acesso às mídias digitais, que mostram uma realidade oposta à dos adolescentes, gerando uma baixa auto-estima.…”