Adolescents and the “Social Contract”: Developmental Roots of Citizenship in Seven Countries

Understanding youth civic engagement: debates, discourses, and lessons from practice

“…Young people may enjoy increased independence and capacity to be altruistic, enabling them to direct their focus from their own problems to the needs of others, thereby being perceived as "civic actors" concerned with and taking responsibility for the health and wellbeing of all citizens (Flanagan et al, 1999).…”

Intensity and Breadth of Participation in Organized Activities During the Adolescent Years: Multiple Associations with Youth Outcomes

“…Three indicators were included in this composite score (Flanagan et al, 1999): (a) commitments to civil society, (b) environmental sustainability, and (c) altruism.…”

Exploration of the Factorial Structure of the Revised Personal Functions of the Volunteerism Scale for Chinese Adolescents

“…Model 2: Six-factor model. Civic responsibility is distinct from learning function (Flanagan et al 1999;Marta et al 1999;Wilson 2000); hence, six factors were assessed, namely, (1) learning, (2) civic responsibility, (3) altruistic concern and pro-social competence, (4) socializing, (5) future plan, and (6) well-being. Model 3: Seven-factor model.…”

“…Research shows that prosocial behavior, such as participation in volunteer service, is closely related to the emotional quality of life of adolescents (Sun and Shek 2010). In fact, adolescents around the world are actively participating in volunteer services (Commission on Youth 1998; Flanagan et al 1999;Hodgkinson 1995;Independent Sector 2010). In Hong Kong, around 53.4% of adolescents have served the community for 12 months (Law and Shek 2009a), and this is a significant figure.…”

“…The quest for some universal functions across different types of behavior in the literature on attitudes may have neglected some distinctive features of volunteerism. For instance, civic responsibility is a primary feature of volunteerism all over the world (e.g., Flanagan et al 1999;Law and Shek 2009a;Marta et al 1999;Wilson 2000). It is not mentioned in the literature on attitudes, and thus it was not used in the VFI.…”