Adolescents' exposure to community violence: Sleep and psychophysiological functioning

Cooley‐Quille, Michele; Lorion, Raymond P.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6629(199907)27:4<367::aid-jcop1>3.3.co;2-k

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Witnessed violence is widely experienced by urban, minority youth [2,3] and urban women of low socioeconomic status [4][5][6]. Witnessing community violence is potentially harmful to a person's quality of life and psychological health [7][8][9][10]. For mothers, the effects of witnessing community violence may be more far reaching as their overall mental health and well-being affects their parenting and children's development.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

The Structure of Witnessed Community Violence amongst Urban African American Mothers: Latent Class Analysis of a Community Sample

Ronzio

Mitchell

Wang

2011

Urban Studies Research

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The prevalence of witnessed community violence (WCV) amongst urban populations in the USA is striking. WCV can be harmful to one's psychological health, and for mothers, the consequences may be more far-reaching as their mental health affects parenting and child development. This study used telephone interviews (n = 209) to explore the patterns and covariates of WCV amongst a sample of urban, African American mothers of infants. Mothers reported whether they had witnessed 11 different forms of violence in their current neighborhoods. A latent class analysis revealed two distinct groups of mothers, those with higher versus lower-exposure to WCV. Mothers in the higher-exposure group were more likely to be low-income, to have a high school education or less, and to have higher anxiety scores than those in the lower-exposure group. Depression was not associated with higher exposure to WCV. Distinguishing between higher- and lower-exposure samples can inform the development of targeted prevention and intervention strategies for metropolitan areas.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

The Structure of Witnessed Community Violence amongst Urban African American Mothers: Latent Class Analysis of a Community Sample

Ronzio

Mitchell

Wang

2011

Urban Studies Research

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“…30,31 A previous study of adolescents showed a relationship between increased community violence exposure and sleep disturbance. 32 To our knowledge, no studies have examined the effect of neighborhood violence on maternal sleep habits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Violence and its Association with Mothers’ Health: Assessing the Relative Importance of Perceived Safety and Exposure to Violence

Johnson

Solomon²,

Shields

et al. 2009

J Urban Health

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This paper presents a cross-sectional study examining the influence of neighborhood violence on multiple aspects of mothers' health. While the influence of neighborhood violence on health is important to understand for all populations, mothers are especially important as they play a key role in protecting their children from the consequences of violence. Three hundred and ninety-two Baltimore City mothers of children 5 years and younger completed a self-administered survey that included questions about perceptions of their safety as well as their personal experiences with neighborhood violence. Separate models were run to compare the relationship between each measurement of neighborhood violence and five diverse health-related determinants and outcomes: self-reported health status, smoking, exercise, average hours of sleep a night, and sleep interruption. Controlling for mother's age, child's age, maternal education, and marital status, mothers with high exposure to neighborhood violence were twice as likely to report poorer health, smoking, never exercising, and poor sleep habits. Maternal perception of neighborhood safety was not related to any of the assessed health-related determinants and outcomes. This study emphasizes the importance of measuring exposure to neighborhood violence rather than solely assessing perceived safety. Neighborhood violence was a common experience for mothers in this urban sample, and should be considered by health professionals in trying to understand and intervene to improve the health of mothers and their children.

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“…Desensitization to ECV posits that youth who experience repeated exposure to violence “adapt” by suppressing emotional distress and viewing violence as normal (Cooley-Quille & Lorion, 1999; McCart et al, 2007). However, when youth become emotionally numb and normalize violence, they may lose inhibitions about using aggressive behavior, which may lead to violence perpetration and additional violence exposure (Garbarino, Kostelny, & Dubrow, 1991; Ng-Mak, Salzinger, Feldman, & Stueve, 2002; 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the effects of emotional and cognitive desensitization to community violence exposure in male adolescents of color.

Gaylord‐Harden¹,

So²,

Bai³

et al. 2017

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry

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Objective The current study examined pathways in a model of desensitization, the Pathologic Adaptation Model, in adolescent males of color. Specifically, the current study examined depressive symptoms and deviant beliefs as mediators of the association between community violence exposure and subsequent violent behavior. Method The current study included 250 African American (67%) and Latino (33%) male adolescents (T1 mean age = 15.32) from the Chicago Youth Development Study. Results Consistent with the Pathologic Adaptation Model, results demonstrated that depressive symptoms mediated the association between the quadratic violence exposure term in middle adolescence and violent behaviors in late adolescence, but the direction of the mediation effect was dependent upon the levels of violence exposure in middle adolescence. However, deviant beliefs were not found to be a significant mediator. Conclusion Emotional desensitization effects may increase the likelihood of violence perpetration in adolescent males exposed to community violence, and the implications for future research and intervention efforts are discussed.

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Adolescents' exposure to community violence: Sleep and psychophysiological functioning

Cited by 19 publications

References 11 publications

The Structure of Witnessed Community Violence amongst Urban African American Mothers: Latent Class Analysis of a Community Sample

The Structure of Witnessed Community Violence amongst Urban African American Mothers: Latent Class Analysis of a Community Sample

Neighborhood Violence and its Association with Mothers’ Health: Assessing the Relative Importance of Perceived Safety and Exposure to Violence

Examining the effects of emotional and cognitive desensitization to community violence exposure in male adolescents of color.

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