“…For example,
we currently cannot predict which patients are at the greatest risk for pain or
persistent post-surgical pain, which patients are at greatest risk for adverse
analgesic effects, or which patients are at greatest risk for opioid addiction. Instead, pain medications are prescribed based on patient weight, perceived
seriousness of illness and invasiveness of surgical procedure, with little regard
for individual patient genetic suitability (Diatchenko et al, 2006; Filligim et al, 2009; Kim et al, 2004; Logan
& Rose, 2005; Karamessinis,
Cooper, & Manworren, 2013; Manworren, Karamessinis, & Cooper, 2013; Mogil, 2004; Pinto et al,
2013; Rakvag et al, 2005). …”