Adolescents' receptivity to E-cigarette harms messages delivered using text messaging

Noar, Seth M.; Rohde, Jacob A; Horvitz, Casey; Lazard, Allison J.; Ross, Jennifer Cornacchione; Sutfin, Erin L.

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.05.025

Cited by 38 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…49 Secondary outcomes from the TWM were: attention, 50 cognitive elaboration (ie, thinking about quitting vaping/ smoking and health problems caused by vaping/smoking), [51][52][53] negative affective reactions to the messages (ie, fear, anxiety, sadness), 50 54 55 and anticipated social interactions about the messages. [56][57][58] The survey also assessed message reactance (ie, oppositional reaction to the message), 59 60 perceived harm 61 (ie, how harmful is vaping/smoking to your health), PME for discouraging the non-focal behaviour (eg, discouraging vaping in response to the smoking message) 49 and cognitive elaboration about the harms of the non-focal behaviour. Finally, the survey assessed participants' beliefs about the risks of smoking and vaping, including beliefs about the harms discussed in the experimental messages (eg, how smoking affects immune function).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactions to messages about smoking, vaping and COVID-19: two national experiments

et al. 2020

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IntroductionThe pace and scale of the COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with ongoing efforts by health agencies to communicate harms, have created a pressing need for data to inform messaging about smoking, vaping, and COVID-19. We examined reactions to COVID-19 and traditional health harms messages discouraging smoking and vaping.MethodsParticipants were a national convenience sample of 810 US adults recruited online in May 2020. All participated in a smoking message experiment and a vaping message experiment, presented in a random order. In each experiment, participants viewed one message formatted as a Twitter post. The experiments adopted a 3 (traditional health harms of smoking or vaping: three harms, one harm, absent) × 2 (COVID-19 harms: one harm, absent) between-subjects design. Outcomes included perceived message effectiveness (primary) and constructs from the Tobacco Warnings Model (secondary: attention, negative affect, cognitive elaboration, social interactions).ResultsSmoking messages with traditional or COVID-19 harms elicited higher perceived effectiveness for discouraging smoking than control messages without these harms (all p <0.001). However, including both traditional and COVID-19 harms in smoking messages had no benefit beyond including either alone. Smoking messages affected Tobacco Warnings Model constructs and did not elicit more reactance than control messages. Smoking messages also elicited higher perceived effectiveness for discouraging vaping. Including traditional harms in messages about vaping elicited higher perceived effectiveness for discouraging vaping (p <0.05), but including COVID-19 harms did not.ConclusionsMessages linking smoking with COVID-19 may hold promise for discouraging smoking and may have the added benefit of also discouraging vaping.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactions to messages about smoking, vaping and COVID-19: two national experiments

et al. 2020

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“…47 48 The survey assessed message reactance 49 50 and anticipated avoidance of the messages. 29 51 Finally, the survey assessed several risk beliefs for vaping and for smoking: affective risk perception (ie, scared), experiential risk perception 52 (ie, concerned), perceived likelihood, perceived severity 53 and perceived harm 54 (eg, vaping is less or more harmful than smoking). All measures except for interest in vaping and smoking used 5-point response scales (coded as 1 (low) to 5 (high)).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of e-cigarette health warnings on motivation to vape and smoke

Brewer¹,

Jeong

Hall³

et al. 2019

Tob Control

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BackgroundA prevailing hypothesis is that health warnings for electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) could drive people away from vaping and towards smoking cigarettes. We consider an alternative hypothesis that e-cigarette warnings discourage both vaping and smoking.MethodsParticipants were a national convenience sample of 2218 US adults who used e-cigarettes, cigarettes or both. In August 2018, we randomised participants to one of three warning types (control text about littering, text-only e-cigarette warning or pictorial e-cigarette warning). We further randomised participants viewing e-cigarette warnings to one of three topics (nicotine addiction, health hazards of use, or both health hazards and harms of use). The preregistered primary outcome was intentions to quit vaping among e-cigarette users. Secondary outcomes included interest in smoking and Tobacco Warnings Model constructs: attention, negative affect, anticipated social interactions and cognitive elaboration.ResultsText warnings elicited higher intentions to quit vaping than control among e-cigarette users (d=0.44, p<0.001), and pictorial warnings elicited still higher intentions to quit vaping than text (d=0.12, p<0.05). Text warnings elicited lower interest in smoking compared with control among smokers (p<0.05); warnings had no other effects on interest in smoking among smokers or non-smokers. Text warnings about health hazards elicited higher intentions to quit vaping than nicotine addiction warnings. E-cigarette warnings also increased Tobacco Warnings Model constructs.DiscussionE-cigarette health warnings may motivate users to quit vaping and discourage smoking. The most promising warnings include health hazards (other than nicotine addiction) and imagery. We found no support for the hypothesis that e-cigarette warnings could encourage smoking cigarettes.

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“…Research about product warning labels is the most frequently studied form of tobacco health messaging (Noar, Cappella, & Price, 2019). Because of e-cigarettes being a relatively new tobacco product, few investigations of strategies for communicating health risks and outcomes are available (Noar et al, 2019). Five studies of messaging designed to increase risk perception were located.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigations testing messages designed to impact perceived risk of e-cigarettes are just beginning to be published. One pilot study was located about testing three text messages via phones for educating adolescents about harms of e-cigarettes (Noar et al, 2019). Post-exposure to messages, both knowledge about the potential harm of using e-cigarettes increased ( p ≤ 0.001) as well as risk perception ( p < 0.004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot study to inform young adults about the risks of electronic cigarettes through text messaging

Calabro

Khalil

Chen

et al. 2019

Addictive Behaviors Reports

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Adolescents' receptivity to E-cigarette harms messages delivered using text messaging

Cited by 38 publications

References 27 publications

Reactions to messages about smoking, vaping and COVID-19: two national experiments

Reactions to messages about smoking, vaping and COVID-19: two national experiments

Impact of e-cigarette health warnings on motivation to vape and smoke

Pilot study to inform young adults about the risks of electronic cigarettes through text messaging

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