Adolescents’ Temperament and Character: A Longitudinal Study on Happiness

Garcia, Danilo; Moradi, Saleh

doi:10.1007/s10902-011-9300-8

Cited by 43 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Participants are instructed to rate to what extent they generally have experienced 20 different feelings or emotions (10 PA and 10 NA) for the last weeks, using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = very slightly, 5 = extremely). The Swedish version of the PANAS used in the present study has been used in many other studies (e.g., Archer et al, 2008b;Garcia & Moradi, 2011;Palomo et al, 2007). The 10-item PA scale includes adjectives such as strong, proud, and interested (Cronbach's α = .80).…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Frequency, High Activation Positive Affect, and Psychological Well-Being: Beyond Age, Gender, and Occupation

Garcia¹,

Archer²,

Moradi³

et al. 2012

PSYCH

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Regular physical exercise contributes to marked reductions in psychosocial stress, the enhancing of positive affect and well-being. However, affect can be measured as high (e.g., engaged) or low (e.g., content) activation affect. To ascertain further these interactions, we examined the relationship between exercise frequency (i.e., how often an individual engages in physical activities) and affect and Psychological Well-Being (PWB). We investigate this relationship in the context of individuals' gender, age, psychosomatic symptoms (i.e., headaches, pain in shoulders, neck or other parts of the body), sleeping problems, smoking habits, and Body Mass Index (BMI). Moreover, we also investigate if the relationship between exercise frequency and affect differs depending on the dimension of affect (low or high activation). In Study 1 (N = 635), 2 (N = 311), and 3 (N = 135) high activation positive affect (PA) predicted frequently exercising, while high activation negative affect (NA) predicted being less physically active. Moreover, high activation PA was negatively related to smoking habits and to how often the participant had sleeping problems. Finally, the relationship between frequently exercising and high activation affect was still present when controlling for age, occupation and gender. Moreover, in Study 2, high activation PA remained strongly related to exercise frequency even when we controlled for BMI. In Study 3, frequent physical activity was also related to PWB. In Study 4, participants (N = 150) self-reported low activation affect. All findings in regard to exercise frequency were replicated, with the exception of the relationship to affect. Psychological resources (i.e., PWB), the frequent experience of PA, together with the infrequent experience of NA may provide for the facilitation of an exercise regime and healthy behavior. Thus, regular physical exercise remains as a health-ensuring necessity over age, gender, and occupation. Nevertheless, high activation positive affect should be in focus.Keywords: Affect; BMI; Exercise; Health; Negative Affect; Positive Affect; Sleeping Problems; Smoking; Psychosomatic Symptoms IntroductionRegular physical exercise has been described as a planned, structured physical activity which fulfills the purpose of improving one or more aspects of physical fitness and functional capacity (Morris & Schoo, 2004), encompassing bodily activeties that enhance/maintain physical fitness, with frequent and regular exercise boosting the immune system (Kurth, Moore, Gaziano, Kase, Stampfer, Berger, & Buring, 2006). The regularity of physical exercise is, for instance, associated to individuals who experience high positive affect (PA) and low negative affect (NA;Norlander, Bood, & Archer, 2002). In turn, frequently exercising is associated with mental health, facilitating the prevention of depression and anxiety, as well as the promotion and maintenance of positive self-esteem in both adolescents (Rees & Sabia, 2010;Rothon, Edwards, Bhui, Viner, Taylor, & Stansfeld, 2010) and adults...

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Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Frequency, High Activation Positive Affect, and Psychological Well-Being: Beyond Age, Gender, and Occupation

Garcia¹,

Archer²,

Moradi³

et al. 2012

PSYCH

Self Cite

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“…subjective well-being, and this shows that adolescents with high self-directedness tend to have a positive outlook on their lives. The results show that self-directedness is extremely important to subjective well-being (Garcia & Moradi, 2012;Seligman, 2014). This finding supports the theory that autonomy is an important variable in the development of adolescents (Blos, 1983;Erikson, 1963;Havighurst, 1948;Steinberg, 1990).…”

Section: Self-directedness Had the Greatest Effect On Adolescents'mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Autonomous factors that influence the subjective wellbeing of adolescents include self-directedness (Garcia, 2011;Garcia & Moradi, 2012;Garcia et al, 2013;H. L. Lee, 2013), autonomy (Cho, 2016;Hong & Park, 2017).…”

Section: Subjective Well-being and Self-directednessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Garcia and colleagues (Garcia, 2011;Garcia & Moradi, 2012;Garcia et al, 2013) argued that Cloninger's personality model is a new approach that relates to the subjective wellbeing of adolescents and reported that self-directedness has the strongest positive relationship with adolescents' subjective well-being in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. In a study conducted by Y. G. , selfdirectedness had a positive effect on overall subjective wellbeing along with all subtypes of subjective well-being which shows its important influence on the subjective well-being of Korean adolescents.…”

Section: Ara Choi·sook Leementioning

confidence: 99%

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What Makes Korean Youth Happy: Self-Directedness Mediates the Relationship between Parenting and Subjective Well-Being

최아라¹,

이숙²

2019

Fam. Environ. Res

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Korean adolescents have a lower subjective well-being compared to their counterparts in other Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development member countries as well as experience more psychological difficulties than adults. Previous research shows that parenting behavior has a considerable influence on adolescent subjective well-being. Additionally, the personality dimension of self-directedness, the ability to regulate personal behavior to obtain onindividual goals, has a positive influence on subjective well-being. This study analyzed the structural relationship between parenting behavior, self-directedness, and the subjective well-being of Korean adolescents as well as investigated the mediating effect of self-directedness in the relationships between parenting behaviors and the subjective well-being of adolescents. Participants were 325 middle school students in Gwangju, Korea, who completed measures of self-directedness (from the Korean Junior Temperament and Character Inventory), subjective well-being (Well-Being Scale of Adolescents in Korea), and perceived parenting behaviors (My Memories of Upbringing -Short Korean version). Results showed that emotional warmth had a statistically significant direct impact on adolescents' subjective well-being. However, the findings also indicated a statistically significant indirect impact mediated by self-directedness. Rejection and overprotection had a statistically significant indirect effect on adolescents' subjective well-being that was mediated by self-directedness. The results provide information that can be used to develop programs to improve the subjective well-being of adolescents as well as confirm the importance of parenting behavior and self-directedness during adolescence.

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“…Researchers found that subjective happiness is related to self‐esteem, career satisfaction (Lyubomirsky et al, ), academic motivation (Gabriele, ), and meaning in life (Vela, Castro, et al, ). Happiness is also related to fewer emotional and behavioral problems (Suldo & Huebner, ), as well as to autonomy and self‐directedness (Garcia & Moradi, ). Vela, Castro, et al () investigated the relationships among meaning in life, happiness, and spirituality with Latina/o college students.…”

Section: Subjective Happinessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Humanistic and Positive Psychology to Understand Mexican American Adolescents' Subjective Happiness

Vela

Lenz

Sparrow

et al. 2016

J Humanistic Counseling

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Adolescents’ Temperament and Character: A Longitudinal Study on Happiness

Cited by 43 publications

References 58 publications

Exercise Frequency, High Activation Positive Affect, and Psychological Well-Being: Beyond Age, Gender, and Occupation

Exercise Frequency, High Activation Positive Affect, and Psychological Well-Being: Beyond Age, Gender, and Occupation

What Makes Korean Youth Happy: Self-Directedness Mediates the Relationship between Parenting and Subjective Well-Being

Using Humanistic and Positive Psychology to Understand Mexican American Adolescents' Subjective Happiness

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