Environmental monitoring and conservation are critical to safeguarding our planet's fragile ecosystems and natural resources. In recent years, the integration of drone technology has revolutionized these efforts, providing an efficient and versatile means of data collection and analysis. This chapter delves into the multifaceted landscape of environmental monitoring and conservation using drones, offering a comprehensive exploration of the technology's applications, benefits, challenges, and prospects. Their deployment has led to groundbreaking advancements in various domains, including wildlife preservation, forest management, air and water quality assessment, and disaster response. The present chapter addresses these challenges and offers insights into potential solutions. It also delves into the intricacies of drone technologies, from sensor payloads to data analysis techniques, highlighting their pivotal role in achieving meaningful environmental insights.