Adoption Model of Falcataria-Based Farm Forestry: A Duration Analysis Approach

Abstract

Farm forestry is a form of farming systems that provides economic and environmental benefits. The salient feature of this system is the incorporation of commercial perennial plants, in particular forest trees, into farming systems and can take many forms, including timber belts, alleys and widespread tree plantings. While the system in some locations has been well adopted, the farmers or land users in other location are reluctant to adopt them, although the traits of farmers and farm land in both locations are similar. Recent adoption studies of farm forestry were in general applied static approaches which overlooked the dynamic aspect of adoption decisions. Meanwhile, information about dynamics of adoption decision making is necessity in designing extension policies as well as reengineering innovations to align with socio-economic conditions of the farmers. To close this gap, this paper is to examine factors affecting the speed of farm forestry adoption among small-holders using duration analysis. Results show that the speed of adoption were influenced by some variables included age of household head, level of education of household head, off-farm employment and output price. It is found that farmers with older age tend to adopt faster than the younger ones. The speed of adoption were also affected by whether the farmers engaged in off-farm employment or being a member of farmers group. The policy implications of this research are that government should design policies that promote farmers' participation in off-farm income activities and strengthening farmer groups in addition to extension services and timber markets.

The Effectiveness and Valuation of Using Silt Pit to Reduce Erosion and Nutrient Loss of Andosol

“…The value of the incremental B/C ratio is expected to encourage farmers to apply biopore dual function of biopore technology with green manure media. Irawan (2016) research support this analysis. The results showed that farmers with a high dependence on farming yield tend to adopt soil conservation technology more quickly than farmers who have income variations outside of farming.…”

Research on the Influence of Education of Farmers’ Cooperatives on the Adoption of Green Prevention and Control Technologies by Members: Evidence from Rural China

“…Agriculture is highly dependent on natural conditions, and good terrain can provide convenience for technology and reduce costs. Usually, flat terrain and concentrated distribution are favorable for members to adopt GCT [11].…”

“…There are abundant research on farmers' GCT adoption in academic circles. It is generally believed that GCT adoption is related to farmers' age [6], education level [7], geographical environment [8], farm size [9], income [10], labor force [11], etc. Moreover, GCT adoption is also related to external factors such as government regulation [12], technology integration and application [13], technical training [14], market supervision, and docking [15].…”

The Impact of Halal Tourism Destination on Improving Community Prosperity

“…Economic development can be done by increasing community per capita [9] or increasing living standards by increasing community real income [10]. Indicators include (1) Real National Income,, (2) Real income per capita, (3) labor and unemployment, (4) public welfare, an increase in material welfare in the community can be seen from the distribution of goods and services, the smooth distribution of goods and services illustrates the distribution of income per capita in society [10].…”