“…Existing research has also identified a list of individual sociodemographic factors associated with disaster preparedness, e.g., [ 19 , 20 , 21 ], which includes migration status [ 22 , 23 ], race and ethnicity [ 24 ], income [ 25 ], education level [ 26 ] and homeownership [ 27 ]. Hazard adaption, which is usually constructed by hazard experience, knowledge, risk perception and self-efficacy [ 28 ], is another individual inherent factor which may have a significant influence on disaster preparedness [ 7 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Generally, individuals with previous disaster experiences are more likely than those without to better prepare for disasters [ 34 ].…”