“…Furthermore, and in long run, the concept of e commerce and online shopping might affect urban sprawl and residential relocation ( Yang et al, 2021 , Nahiduzzaman et al, 2019 , Nahiduzzaman et al, 2021 , Nanda et al, 2021 , Beckers and Verhetsel, 2021 ). At aggregate level, the adoption of new logistic and supply chain models in the context of smart cities might result in a higher share of commercial vehicles and heavy trucks on the roads, which in turn can lead to adverse impacts on infrastructure quality (e.g., accelerated wear and tear), traffic congestion, air quality and traffic safety ( Singh and Santhakumar, 2021 , Pan et al, 2019 , Badri, 2020 , Schade et al, 2018 , Seifert and Markoff, 2017 ).…”