Adrenal Corticosteroids Enhance Production of Type-C Virus Induced by 5-Iodo-2′-Deoxyuridine from Cultured Mouse Fibroblasts

Paran, M.; Gallo, Robert C.; Richardson, Linda S.; Wu, A. M.

doi:10.1073/pnas.70.8.2391

Cited by 63 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…KSV has been induced to replicate from latently infected primary effusion lymphomas by epinephrine and norepinephrine that act through b1-adrenoreceptors (Chang et al, 2005). Finally, dexamethasone alone has successfully been used to increase lytic replication of cytomegalovirus from fibroblasts (Thiele & Woods, 1988) and dexamethasone plus IUDR has induced viral replication of murine leukaemia virus C (Paran et al, 1973). None of these mechanisms appear to be viable strategies for inducing lytic replication of CFPHV from infected turtle cells in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Treatment with CMR has been successfully used to induce replication of retroviruses (Paran et al, 1973) and herpesviruses (Countryman et al, 2008); however, the mechanisms by which they do this are unclear. For herpesviruses, the ability to induce replication depends on not only the type of CMR but also the type of cell line being induced (Gradoville et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For co-cultivations, fibroblasts were plated with green turtle keratinocytes (20 000-40 000 cells per well). When cells reached 75 % confluence (4-5 days), cultures were incubated with 1 mM sodium butyrate for 1, 3 and 5 days (Yu et al, 1999), 20 ng phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA) ml 21 for 1, 3 and 5 days (Yu et al, 1999), 50 mM forskolin for 4 days (Smith et al, 1992), 1 mM isobutylmetaxanthine for 4 days (Smith et al, 1992), 10 ng tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) ml 21 for 4 days (Kitano et al, 1993), 5 mM trichostatin A for 18 h (Countryman et al, 2008), 20 mg iododeoxyuridine (IUDR) ml 21 for 48 h (Nazerian, 1975), 20 mg IUDR ml 21 for 24 h plus 10 nM dexamethasone for 24-72 h (Paran et al, 1973), 10 mM valproic acid for 18 h (Countryman et al, 2008), 10 mM norepinephrine or 1 nM epinephrine for 24 h (Chang et al, 2005), 1 % DMSO for 4 days (Tanaka et al, 1985), 5 mM hexamethylenebisacetamide for 4 days (Bernstein & Kappes, 1988), 10 mM 5-azacytidine for 4 days (Chen et al, 2001) and 1 mM dexamethasone for 24-72 h (Paran et al, 1973). All chemicals were from Sigma, except for dexamethasone and epinephrine, which were from Phoenix Pharmaceutical and MP Biomedicals, respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

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In vitro biology of fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus and host cells in Hawaiian green turtles (Chelonia mydas)

Work

Dagenais

Balazs

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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Fibropapillomatosis (FP) of green turtles has a global distribution and causes debilitating tumours of the skin and internal organs in several species of marine turtles. FP is associated with a presently non-cultivable alphaherpesvirus Chelonid fibropapilloma-associated herpesvirus (CFPHV). Our aims were to employ quantitative PCR targeted to pol DNA of CFPHV to determine (i) if DNA sequesters by tumour size and/or cell type, (ii) whether subculturing of cells is a viable strategy for isolating CFPHV and (iii) whether CFPHV can be induced to a lytic growth cycle in vitro using chemical modulators of replication (CMRs), temperature variation or co-cultivation. Additional objectives included determining whether non-tumour and tumour cells behave differently in vitro and confirming the phenotype of cultured cells using cell-type-specific antigens. CFPHV pol DNA was preferentially concentrated in dermal fibroblasts of skin tumours and the amount of viral DNA per cell was independent of tumour size. Copy number of CFPHV pol DNA per cell rapidly decreased with cell doubling of tumour-derived fibroblasts in culture. Attempts to induce viral replication in known CFPHV-DNA-positive cells using temperature or CMR failed. No significant differences were seen in in vitro morphology or growth characteristics of fibroblasts from tumour cells and paired normal skin, nor from CFPHV pol-DNA-positive intestinal tumour cells. Tumour cells were confirmed as fibroblasts or keratinocytes by positive staining with antivimentin and anti-pancytokeratin antibodies, respectively. CFPHV continues to be refractory to in vitro cultivation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro biology of fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus and host cells in Hawaiian green turtles (Chelonia mydas)

Work

Dagenais

Balazs

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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“…These results show that the replication of HHV-6 requires full progression of the cell cycle in short-term cultures, but that the permissive condition for replication of HHV-6, which was induced by PHA, is maintained consistently in IL-2-dependent long-term cultures, for example, in ATL cell lines. Hydrocortisone (17,18,21), DEAE-Dextran (26,29), polybrene (22,25) and PMA (20,31) have been used to increase viral growth in other viral systems. These agents were not used in this study, and only hydrocortisone, among these agents, supported growth of HHV-6 (17) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Propagation of Human Herpesvirus 6B in a T‐Cell Line Derived from a Patient with Adult T‐Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma

Zhou

Abe

Wang

et al. 1999

Microbiology and Immunology

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The efficient propagation of the OK strain of the B variant of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6B) was demonstrated in a line of T cells, TaY, established from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of a patient with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). Growth of TaY cells depends on the presence of IL-2 and the cells harbor HTLV-I genomes. A severe cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed in many HHV-6B(OK)-infected TaY cells one week after infection. The release of virus from HHV-6B(OK)-infected TaY cells [TaY(OK)] was first detected after three days and increased rapidly for up to seven days after infection, as demonstrated by PCR. The titer of HHV-6B(OK) in the supernatant was comparable to the value of 103.5 TCID50/ml obtained with PHA-activated cord blood lymphocytes (CBL) that had been infected with HHV-6B(OK). The replication of the virus was shown to depend to a considerable extent on cell viability. Electron microscopy revealed many herpesvirus-type capsid-and enveloped-viruses in the nuclei and cytoplasm of degenerated cells in TaY(OK) cultures. The U1102 strain of HHV-6A and the Z29 strain of HHV-6B also infected TaY cells productively, as detected by PCR and an immunofluorescence test. These results suggest that the activation of CD4+ T lymphocytes with mitogens such as PHA or IL-2 and the expression of some cellular gene or the HTLV-I gene might be essential for efficient propagation of HHV-6B. TaY cells should play an important role in future investigations of cell-virus interactions and genetic variations or cell tropism of HHV-6 isolates since no cell line that shows propagation of both HHV-6A and HHV-6B has been reported to date.

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“…The findings that halogenated thymidine analogs and glucocorticoid hormones can, respectively, induce and stimulate cell lines to synthesize viral antigens and particles with great efficiency have further facilitated these studies (1,2).…”

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Genetic control of endogenous C-type virus production in pancreatic acinar cells of C57BL/He and C57BL/6J mice.

Boiocchi¹,

Torre²,

Porta³

1975

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Electron microscopy revealed very active production of C-type virus particles in the pancreatic acinar cells of untreated normal adult mice of the C57BL/ He strain. In C57BL/6J mice, a similar picture was observed after a single intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone. No viruses were observed in the pancreas of untreated or dexamethasone-treated BALJ3/c and C3Hf mice. F1 hybrids of both C57BL strains with C3Hf mice produced viruses in the same manner and quantity as the C57BL parents, whereas hybrids with BALB/c mice were entirely negative. Approximately 50% of mice of the first backeross generation of (BALB/c X C57BL/He)Fl hybrids with C57BL/He mice were active producers of C-type particles, while the other 50% were negative. It is suggested that a regulator gene that controls C-type virus production does not function in the pancreatic cells of either C57BL strain, and that BALB/c mice can provide hybrids with an active regulator.Recent developments of genetic studies on murine leukemia virus have been promoted by the possibility of detecting viral antigens and RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) as markers for the presence and expression of viral information inserted in the cell genome. The findings that halogenated thymidine analogs and glucocorticoid hormones can, respectively, induce and stimulate cell lines to synthesize viral antigens and particles with great efficiency have further facilitated these studies (1, 2).The detection of C-type particles by electron microscopy can also contribute, provided that a sustained virus production takes place in the tissues under study. We have recently demonstrated by electron microscopy an intense proliferation of C-type virus in the pancreatic acinar cells of normal untreated adult mice of the low-leukemia C57BL/He strain (3). In this paper we report that C57BL/6J mice, generally considered virus-free, also present the same phenomenon after treatment by dexamethasone, whereas, this was not the case with BALB/c and C3Hf mice. In They were dehydrated in graded ethanol and embedded in Epon-Araldite mixture. Ultrathin sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were mounted on 300 mesh copper grids. They were examined in a Philips EM-300 electron microscope at 60 kV. RESULTSThe data on a semiquantitative evaluation of extracellular C-type particles produced by the exocrine pancreas of untreated or dexamethasone-treated mice of different strains are shown in Table 1. The acinar cells of untreated C57BL/He were found to contain, as previously reported (3), a large number of C particles in cytoplasmic vacuoles and in dilated cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas only a small number of extracellular particles was seen. In contrast, the pancreas of untreated C57BL/6J mice presented no intracellular particles and only a few particles in the extracellular spaces. Dexamethasone treatment of C57BL/He mice resulted in a large increase of the extracellular C-type particles, mostly mature (Fig. 1). The dexamethasone-treated C57BL/ ...

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Adrenal Corticosteroids Enhance Production of Type-C Virus Induced by 5-Iodo-2′-Deoxyuridine from Cultured Mouse Fibroblasts

Abstract: Induction of RNA "tumor" viruses by 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine in mouse fibroblasts is stimulated 5-to 25-fold by glucogenic adrenal corticosteroids. Enhancement of virus production by the hormones is inhibited by low concentration of cordycepin, an inhibitor of poly(A) synthesis.

Cited by 63 publications

References 30 publications

In vitro biology of fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus and host cells in Hawaiian green turtles (Chelonia mydas)

In vitro biology of fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus and host cells in Hawaiian green turtles (Chelonia mydas)

Efficient Propagation of Human Herpesvirus 6B in a T‐Cell Line Derived from a Patient with Adult T‐Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma

Genetic control of endogenous C-type virus production in pancreatic acinar cells of C57BL/He and C57BL/6J mice.

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