Adrenal glands transabdominal ultrasonography - pictorial essay

Chira, Romeo; Chira, Alexandra; Manzat-Saplacan, Roberta M; Nagy, G; Valea, Ana; Silaghi, Alina; Mircea, Petru Adrian; Vălean, Simona

doi:10.11152/mu-978

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The final major category, sexual coercion, entails sexual advances in which the employee is offered some kind of benefit for acquiescing, or is threatened with a negative job-related consequence if they do not acquiesce (Fitzgerald & Cortina, 2018). For example, in a recent case at a Ford Motor Company plant, an employee who was repeatedly late for her 6 a.m. shift because her child's daycare center did not open early enough to allow her to get to work on time was told by her supervisor that if she had sex with him, he would not record the times she was late (Chira & Einhorn, 2017). These latter two categories differ in that unwanted sexual attention is not explicitly linked to a job benefit or consideration, whereas in sexual coercion a link to a job consideration for complying with the unwanted sexual request is implied or stated.…”

Section: Types Of Sexual Harassmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hidden in plain sight for too long: Using text mining techniques to shine a light on workplace sexism and sexual harassment.

Karami¹,

Swan²,

White³

et al. 2024

Psychology of Violence

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Objective:The goal of this study is to understand how people experience sexism and sexual harassment in the workplace by discovering themes in 2,362 experiences posted on the Everyday Sexism Project's website everydaysexism.com.Method: This study used both quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative method was a computational framework to collect and analyze a large number of workplace sexual harassment experiences. The qualitative method was the analysis of the topics generated by a text mining method.Results: Twenty-three topics were coded and then grouped into three overarching themes from the sex discrimination and sexual harassment literature. The Sex Discrimination theme included experiences in which women were treated unfavorably due to their sex, such as being passed over for promotion, denied opportunities, paid less than men, and ignored or talked over in meetings. The Sex Discrimination and Gender harassment theme included stories about sex discrimination and gender harassment, such as sexist hostility behaviors ranging from insults and jokes invoking misogynistic stereotypes to bullying behavior. The last theme, Unwanted Sexual Attention, contained stories describing sexual comments and behaviors used to degrade women. Unwanted touching was the highest weighted topic, indicating how common it was for website users to endure being touched, hugged or kissed, groped, and grabbed.Conclusions: This study illustrates how researchers can use automatic processes to go beyond the limits of traditional research methods and investigate naturally occurring large scale datasets on the internet to achieve a better understanding of everyday workplace sexism experiences.

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Section: Types Of Sexual Harassmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hidden in plain sight for too long: Using text mining techniques to shine a light on workplace sexism and sexual harassment.

Karami¹,

Swan²,

White³

et al. 2024

Psychology of Violence

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“…Adrenal hemorrhage are more common in children especially in neonates; in new-borns is more frequent compare to adults (18,(94)(95)(96) because adrenal glands seem to be more commonly involved traumatically because of the larger size and the hypervascularization in the neonatal period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…US is able to visualize adrenal lesions, but it is less sensitive and more operator dependent compared to computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (18)(19)(20)(21)(22). The examination of the right adrenal gland is possible in most of the cases.…”

Section: Ultrasonography (Us) Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pitfalls and differential diagnosis on adrenal lesions: current concepts in CT/MR imaging: a narrative review

Reginelli¹,

Vacca²,

Belfiore³

et al. 2020

Gland Surg

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The purpose of this pictorial essay is to review the imaging findings of adrenal lesions. Adrenal lesions could be divided into functioning or non-functioning masses, primary or metastatic, and benign or malignant. Imaging techniques have undergone significant advances in recent years. The most significant objective of adrenal imaging is represented by the detection and, when possible, characterization of adrenal lesions in order to direct patient management correctly. The detection and management of adrenal lesions is based on cross-sectional imaging obtained with non-contrast CT (tumour density), contrast-enhanced CT including delayed washout (either absolute percentage washout or relative percentage one) and finally with MR chemical shift analysis (loss of signal intensity between in-phase and out-of-phase images including both qualitative and quantitative estimates of signal loss). The small incidental adrenal nodules are benign, in most of cases; some tumors such as lipid-rich adenoma and myelolipoma have characteristic features that can be diagnosed accurately in CT. On contrary, if the presenting contrast-enhanced CT shows an adrenal mass with uncertain or malignant morphologic features, particularly in patients with a known history of malignancy, further evaluations should be considered. The most significative implications for radiologists are represented by how to assess risk of malignancy on imaging and what follow-up to indicate if an adrenal incidentaloma is not surgically removed.

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“…Ultrasound (US) is the preferred imaging modality for surveillance of liver transplantation (LT), with advantages of involving no radiation exposure and having the ability to be performed at the patient's bedside. It is estimated that normal adrenal glands can be visualized using ultrasonography in 99% of adult patients on their right side and in 40-50% on their left side [5]. This provides evidence that routine US could identify AH after OLT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound appearance of adrenal hemorrhage after orthotopic liver transplantation: a retrospective study

Zhang,

Liao,

Zheng

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Objectives This study aimed to identify the incidence of AH after OLT and to summarize the ultrasound (US) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) characteristics. Methods Patients with adrenal lesions after OLT at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed between January 2008 and November 2021. The reference diagnosis was defined based on surgical data, computed tomography scans, and magnetic resonance imaging with at least 12 months of follow-up. The incidence of AH and the features of US and CEUS after OLT were analyzed and compared with those of adrenal metastases. Results A total of 23 patients (1.2%) with AH and 7 (0.35%) with suprarenal metastases were assessed. Compared with metastases, hematomas had more inhomogeneous echotextures (57% vs. 0.00%, P = 0.010), hypoechoic or mixed-echoic patterns (96% vs. 71%, P = 0.022), and anechoic areas (52% vs. 0.00%, P = 0.024), and their echotexture varied more over time (65% vs. 0.14%, P = 0.031). CEUS was performed in 12 patients with AH and 2 with metastases. Contrast extravasation was observed in one active bleeding hematoma, whereas no enhancement was observed in any static hematoma (100%). However, adrenal metastases appeared contrast-enhanced in the early arterial phase, followed by fast wash-out in the late phase (100%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion The sonographic characteristics of AH after OLT vary over time. CEUS is recommended when adrenal lesions are detected, as CEUS can differentiate AH from metastases.

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Adrenal glands transabdominal ultrasonography - pictorial essay

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Hidden in plain sight for too long: Using text mining techniques to shine a light on workplace sexism and sexual harassment.

Hidden in plain sight for too long: Using text mining techniques to shine a light on workplace sexism and sexual harassment.

Pitfalls and differential diagnosis on adrenal lesions: current concepts in CT/MR imaging: a narrative review

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound appearance of adrenal hemorrhage after orthotopic liver transplantation: a retrospective study

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