Adrenal Insufficiency as a Complication of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Greene, Loren Wissner

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-101-4-497

Cited by 126 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In macrophages, the process is similar but progeny production appears to occur after 48 h (826). The earliest mRNA species made in the infected cell have a low molecular weight, representing the viral LTR and other major regulatory genes, particularly tat, rev, and nef (398,400,569). It appears that Tat is made first and upregulates the subsequent production of Rev.…”

Section: B Monocytesmentioning

confidence: 85%

Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Levy¹

1989

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

222

290

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: B Monocytesmentioning

confidence: 85%

Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Levy¹

1989

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

222

290

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…However, recent reports demonstrate that hyperkalemia occurred in patients with AIDSand Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia who were treated with high-dose Tmp-Smx (6)(7)(8). In most of those cases, a causal relation between the Tmp-Smxtreatment and hyperkalemia is suggested but not proven because of the simultaneous presence of complications such as renal failure, adrenal insufficiency, and hypoaldosteronism (9)(10)(11)(12). Recently, we experienced two cases with severe hypo-natremia and hyperkalemia associated with high-dose Tmp-Smxtherapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Hyponatremia and Hyperkalemia Induced by Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole in Patients with Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia.

et al. 1995

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An antimicrobial agent trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Tmp-Smx)does not usually cause electrolyte disturbances at regular doses, and few cases ofTmp-Smx-inducedelectrolyte imbalance have been reported in the English-language literature to date. Recently, however, we treated two patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumoniawhodeveloped severe hyponatremia and hyperkalemia on administration of high-dose Tmp-Smx.These electrolyte disturbances were attributable to the direct effect of Tmp-Smxon the renal distal tubules, were reversible, and corrected by infusion of a sodium-enriched and potassium-free liquid. Therefore, it is suggested that even after electrolyte disturbances have occurred, high-dose Tmp-Smxtherapy may be continued for severe infectious diseases under appropriate electrolyte correction. (Internal Medicine 34: 96-99, 1995)

show abstract

“…Several im mune deficiency syndromes are characterized by the dras tic and often complete destruction of the T-helper cell population, with similarities to the athymic mouse animal model. Data shows that patients with AIDS frequently have abnormal blood cortisol levels and that their adre nals respond subnormally to ACTH stimulation [33][34][35][36]. Adrenal dysfunction has also been reported in other types of secondary immune deficiency, such as that related to cyclosporin treatment [37].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Function in Swiss Nude Athymic Mice

Daneva¹,

Spinedi²,

Hadid³

et al. 1995

Neuroendocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Various evidence suggests a bidirectional circuit between the immune and neuroendocrine systems. Because of the well-known role of the thymus in the regulation of the immune function, we designed this study to determine whether the lack of thymus may affect hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity by using both in vivo and in vitro paradigms in Swiss nude (athymic) and BALB/c (normal) mice. Eight-week-old female mice of both strains were used to study: (a) the in vivo response of the HPA axis to various stress stimuli acting at either hypothalamic (ether vapor inhalation, insulin administration), pituitary (CRH injection) or adrenal (ACTH treatment) level and (b) the in vitro response of pituitary and adrenal cells to CRH and ACTH stimulation, respectively. The results indicate that: (1) basal plasma ACTH levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in Swiss nude than in BALB/c mice, whereas basal plasma corticosterone (B) concentrations were similar in both strains of mice; (2) the stress-induced release of ACTH and B in plasma were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in Swiss nude than in BALB/c mice, regardless of the stimulus applied; (3) the in vitro pituitary response to CRH and the adrenal response to ACTH were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in Swiss nude than in BALB/c mice, whereas (4) hypothalamic CRH and pituitary ACTH contents were similar in both strains, adrenal B concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in athymic mice; in addition, the nude mice adrenal glands were larger than those of BALB/c animals, due to marked hypertrophy of the zona fasciculata. In conclusion, our results indicate that athymic nude mice have a blunted HPA axis response to various stress stimuli; this defect seems to reside at both the pituitary and adrenal levels. It remains to be determined whether this impairment is directly related to the immunodeficiency of this animal model.

show abstract

Adrenal Insufficiency as a Complication of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Cited by 126 publications

References 8 publications

Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Severe Hyponatremia and Hyperkalemia Induced by Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole in Patients with Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia.

Impaired Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Function in Swiss Nude Athymic Mice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About