Adrenal “nonadenoma” — clinical characteristics and risk of malignancy

Samsel, Radosław; Papierska, Lucyna; Nowak, Karolina M.; Kolasińska-Ćwikła, Agnieszka; Łebek-Szatańska, Agnieszka; Leszczyńska, Dorota; Jakubowicz, Kamil; Komorowska, Ewa; Rabijewski, Michał; Roszkowska‐Purska, Katarzyna; Cichocki, Andrzej

doi:10.5603/ep.a2021.0063

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Additionally, there was no significant correlation between adipocytokines levels and adenoma size. The initial diagnosis based on the computed tomography (CT) scan, despite the possibility of assessing the adrenal tumor imaging phenotype, may be inconclusive, and the final diagnosis requires histopathological examination [ 23 ]. Therefore, increased visfatin levels could be a potential predictor of tumor malignancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Visfatin/NAMPT as a Potential Risk Predictor for Malignancy of Adrenal Tumors

Sawicka‐Gutaj

Komarowska

Gruszczyński

et al. 2022

JCM

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Adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) are rare endocrine malignancies, often with a poor prognosis. Visfatin/NAMPT regulates a variety of signaling pathway components, and its overexpression has been found in carcinogenesis. Our study aimed to assess the clinical usefulness of visfatin/NAMPT serum level in discriminating between ACC and benign adrenocortical tumors. Twenty-two patients with ACC and twenty-six patients with benign adrenocortical tumors were recruited. Fasting blood samples were collected from each patient, and visfatin serum levels were measured with the ELISA Kit. Clinical stage, tumor size, Ki67 proliferation index, hormonal secretion pattern, and follow-up were determined in ACC patients. Patients with ACC had significantly higher visfatin serum concentrations (7.81 ± 2.25 vs. 6.08 ± 1.32 ng/mL, p-value = 0.003). The most advanced clinical stage with metastases was associated with significantly elevated visfatin levels (p-value = 0.022). Based on ROC analysis, visfatin serum concentrations higher than 8.05 ng/mL could discriminate ACC with a sensitivity of 50.0% and specificity of 92.3%. Univariate Cox regression indicated that tumor size was significantly related to shorter survival, and the visfatin level was borderline significant in all patients (HR = 1.013, p-value = 0.002, HR = 1.321, p-value = 0.058). In the Kaplan-Meier method, patients with visfatin serum concentrations higher than 6.3 ng/mL presented significantly lower survival probability (p-value = 0.006). Serum visfatin/NAMPT could be a potential risk predictor for the malignancy of adrenal tumors. However, further studies are needed on this subject.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Visfatin/NAMPT as a Potential Risk Predictor for Malignancy of Adrenal Tumors

Sawicka‐Gutaj

Komarowska

Gruszczyński

et al. 2022

JCM

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“…Case reports provide valuable insights into its clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic outcomes. Zhou et al and Wei et al contributed to the literature with a comprehensive literature review, emphasizing the importance of integrating clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings for accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment planning [5,25,29,31,37,40,43,46,47,56]. Zetler et al reported a case in an AIDS patient, suggesting a potential link between immunocompromised states and leiomyosarcoma [12].…”

Section: Demographic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes and Follow-Up Trends in Adrenal Leiomyosarcoma: A Comprehensive Literature Review and Case Report

Mongardini,

Paolicelli,

Catauro

et al. 2024

JCM

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Background: Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) originating from the adrenal gland is exceedingly rare, constituting a minute fraction of soft tissue sarcomas. Due to its rarity, with less than 50 documented cases in English medical literature, the diagnosis and management of adrenal LMS remain challenging. The aim of this study was to perform a review of the literature, in order to evaluate the prognosis of these rare cancers and report our specific case. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases, up to December 2020. The search utilized MeSH terms such as “Adrenal Gland Neoplasms,” “Leiomyosarcoma,” “Adrenalectomy,” and “Smooth Muscle Tumor.” The inclusion criteria focused on studies reporting patients with a histopathological diagnosis of adrenal leiomyosarcoma. The PRISMA guidelines were followed to ensure a comprehensive analysis. Results: Out of 63 identified studies, 43 met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. These studies highlighted the rarity and aggressive behavior of adrenal leiomyosarcoma. Surgical excision remains the cornerstone of treatment, often complemented by adjuvant therapies. The reviewed case involved a 52-year-old woman who underwent a right laparoscopic adrenalectomy for a 9 × 7 × 6 cm grade 3 leiomyosarcoma. Despite subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy, hepatic metastases were detected, illustrating the aggressive nature of the disease. The literature underscores the importance of histopathological analysis and long-term surveillance for managing disease progression. Conclusions: Optimal management of adrenal leiomyosarcoma requires a multidisciplinary approach and meticulous follow-up. The rarity of the disease poses challenges for standardizing treatment, but surgical excision and tailored adjuvant therapies show promise. Further research is essential to refine treatment strategies and improve prognosis for this rare malignancy.

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