Adrenal Schwannoma: A Rare Type of Adrenal Incidentaloma

Mohiuddin, Yaseen; Gilliland, M. G. F.

doi:10.5858/arpa.2012-0291-rs

Cited by 47 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…[1][2][3] Other areas where they can be found include retroperitoneum and juxta-adrenal area. 1,3 Adrenal schwannoma is thought to arise from Schwann cells from the phrenic nerve, the vagus nerve, or sympathetic trunk that innervate the adrenal medulla. 6 The explanation for this is related to the embryological development of the adrenal medulla where it is formed by cell migration from the neural crest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the last few years, the number of adrenal schwannomas reported has been increasing, including a large series of 33 cases reported by Mohiuddin and Gilliland. 1 This could be related to more vigorous use of imaging modalities, such as MRI, CT scan, and PET scan. There is no gender dominance and can occur at any age group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disease commonly 1 Medical Officer, 2 Professor, [3][4][5] Surgeon, 6 Consultant and Senior Lecturer arises either from the adrenal medulla or from the cortex but may arise from any tissue of the adrenal gland. The common benign causes are adrenal hyperplasia and pheochromocytoma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tumor arising from the nerve sheath of the adrenal gland or adrenal schwannoma is extremely rare. [1][2][3] Out of 381,200 autopsy specimen of adrenal incidentalomas examined, only one adrenal schwannoma was detected. 4 In another study, out of 1,111 cases of adrenal incidentalomas examined, only two cases (0.18%) of adrenal schwannoma were detected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry staining are the gold standard in the diagnosis of adrenal schwannoma. 1,6 Here we present a patient with an adrenal schwannoma that was discovered incidentally as nonfunctioning adrenal incidentaloma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adrenal Schwannoma: A Rare Type of Adrenal Incidentaloma

Said

Muhammad

Othman

et al. 2017

World Journal of Endocrine Surgery

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Benign tumor of the myelin sheath or schwannoma is not uncommon, especially when it involves the peripheral or cranial nerves. But adrenal schwannoma is very rare and commonly presented as an incidentaloma. Adrenal incidentaloma by itself is not uncommon as more imaging is now being performed and its incidence is estimated to be around 4 to 6%. Clinical and imaging studies are not able to differentiate adrenal schwannoma from other causes of incidentaloma, making its diagnosis difficult preoperatively. We report a 64-year-old man who underwent computed tomography (CT) abdomen as part of his health-screening program. An 80 × 70 mm right adrenal tumor was discovered from the CT with features suggestive of malignancy. He has neither apparent abdominal symptoms nor symptoms related to adrenal hypersecretion. Apart from chronic hypertension, he also suffered from morbid obesity with body mass index (BMI) of 38. There was no clinical feature to suggest Cushing disease, pheochromocytoma, or primary hyperaldosteronism. His laboratories evaluation including endocrinology studies consistent with a non-functioning adrenal mass. He underwent an uneventful standard transabdominal right adrenalectomy. Immunohistochemistry report showed the tumor has characteristic of Antoni A type and positive for S-100 immunochemistry stain. The diagnosis of adrenal schwannoma was made. This case report highlights the difficulty in the management of adrenal incidentaloma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Adrenal Schwannoma: A Rare Type of Adrenal Incidentaloma

Said

Muhammad

Othman

et al. 2017

World Journal of Endocrine Surgery

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Lingual nerve revisited—A comprehensive review Part II: Surgery and radiology

Ono,

Nishioka,

Obata

et al. 2024

Clinical Anatomy

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The lingual nerve (LN) is a branch of the mandibular division of the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve, arising in the infratemporal fossa. It provides sensory fibers to the mucous membranes of the floor of the mouth, the lingual gingiva, and the anterior two‐thirds of the tongue. Although the LN should rarely be encountered during routine and basic oral surgical procedures in daily dental practice, its anatomical location occasionally poses the risk of iatrogenic injury. The purpose of this section is to consider this potential LN injury risk and to educate readers about the anatomy of this nerve and how to treat it.

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Clinical characteristics and prognosis of cystic degeneration in retroperitoneal schwannoma: A retrospective study of 79 patients

Xiao

Cai

et al. 2022

Cancer Medicine

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Background and Purpose: Diagnosis of retroperitoneal schwannoma (RS), especially cystic RS, is frequently missed or delayed owing to its rarity, location, nonspecific symptoms, and similarities with other tumors on various imaging modalities. This study aimed to determine associations between clinical, radiological, and histopathologic features and outcome. Materials and Methods:Seventy-nine patients with pathologically confirmed RS who underwent tumor resection between June 2010 and June 2020 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Patients were stratified into three groups according to degree of tumoral cystic degeneration.Results: Cystic degeneration was significantly associated with multiple foci (p = 0.025), calcification (p = 0.012), and hemorrhage (p = 0.000), but not size (p = 0.08), high Ki-67 (p = 0.094), malignancy (p = 0.115; prevalence of cystic degeneration in the benign and malignant groups were 53.9% vs 100%), rough margin (p = 0.162), or irregular shape (p = 0.369). Malignant RS was significantly associated with multiple lymph nodes enlargement (p = 0.034). Tumor size, margins, shape, or/and multiplicity did not significantly differ between benign and malignant tumors. No recurrence occurred in patients with benign RS (mean follow-up, 45 months). All malignant tumors recurred; mean time to recurrence was 11.4 months (mean follow-up, 33 months). Conclusion:Since RS is misdiagnosed mostly as malignancy and diagnosis is often delayed, a suspicion is necessary for diagnosis when atypical features are present. In RS, cystic degeneration was not associated with tumor size, Ki-67, or malignancy; however, it was significantly associated with multiple foci, calcification, and hemorrhage. Cystic degeneration and related factors are useful for the diagnosis of RS. Malignant RS should be considered when a mass involves multiple lymph nodes. Margins, morphology, and size are not associated with

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Adrenal Schwannoma: A Rare Type of Adrenal Incidentaloma

Cited by 47 publications

References 15 publications

Adrenal Schwannoma: A Rare Type of Adrenal Incidentaloma

Adrenal Schwannoma: A Rare Type of Adrenal Incidentaloma

Lingual nerve revisited—A comprehensive review Part II: Surgery and radiology

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of cystic degeneration in retroperitoneal schwannoma: A retrospective study of 79 patients

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