Adrenal splanchnic innervation contributes to the diurnal rhythm of plasma corticosterone in rats by modulating adrenal sensitivity to ACTH

Ulrich‐Lai, Yvonne M.; Arnhold, Michelle M.; Engeland, William C.

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00042.2003

Cited by 195 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…We plan to investigate the possibility that voluntary exercise may regulate adrenal sensitivity to ACTH by testing the effects of exogenous ACTH injections on plasma corticosterone concentrations in exercised and sedentary, stressed and non-stressed rats. However, while overall glucocorticoid regulation could certainly be an important target in the beneficial effects of voluntary exercise, the above results do not limit putative regulation to peripheral mechanisms, as central control of adrenal sensitivity to ACTH is beginning to be defined (Ulrich-Lai et al 2006). Interpretations of the ACTH results obtained presently are made cautiously, however, as it will be important first to determine if the dynamics of corticosterone and/or ACTH release and recovery differ between exercised and sedentary rats by sampling blood more frequently during and after stressor exposures, as this could be another explanation for the disparity between the effects of voluntary exercise on corticosterone and ACTH response habituation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic voluntary wheel running facilitates corticosterone response habituation to repeated audiogenic stress exposure in male rats

Sasse

Greenwood

Masini

et al. 2008

Stress

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Voluntary exercise is associated with the prevention and treatment of numerous physical and psychological illnesses, yet the mechanisms by which it confers this protection remain unclear. In contrast, stress, particularly under conditions of prolonged or repeated exposure when glucocorticoid levels are consistently elevated, can have a devastating impact on health. It has been suggested that the benefits of physical exercise may lie in an ability to reduce some of the more deleterious health effects of stress and stress hormones. The present series of experiments provides evidence that voluntary exercise facilitates habituation of corticosterone but not adrenocorticotropin hormone responses to repeated stress presentations. After 6 weeks of running wheel access or sedentary housing conditions, rats were exposed to 11 consecutive daily 30 min presentations of 98 dB noise stress. Similar corticosterone responses in exercised rats and sedentary controls were observed following the first, acute stress presentation. While both groups demonstrated habituation of corticosterone secretory responses with repeated noise stress exposures, the rate of habituation was significantly facilitated in exercised animals. These results suggest that voluntary exercise may reduce the negative impact of prolonged or repeated stress on health by enhancing habituation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis responses at the level of the adrenal cortex, ultimately reducing the amount of glucocorticoids the body and brain are exposed to.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic voluntary wheel running facilitates corticosterone response habituation to repeated audiogenic stress exposure in male rats

Sasse

Greenwood

Masini

et al. 2008

Stress

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“…Numerous studies on the daily GC rhythm have revealed quite complex features of the adrenal rhythm, primarily due to the relatively restricted roles of the upstream hormonal regulators of the HPA axis (7,9,35). Therefore, it has been proposed that the central clock influences the adrenal gland via SCN-derived neural and humoral inputs (8,9,36,37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it has been proposed that the central clock influences the adrenal gland via SCN-derived neural and humoral inputs (8,9,36,37). However, the SCN appears most important for the nadir of the CS rhythm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, it has been shown that the SCN can directly regulate GC secretion via the splanchnic nerve system (8,9). Also, extensive analyses of the adrenal transcriptome have revealed the presence of the canonical molecular clock machinery in the adrenocortical cells, and suggested a gating mechanism for it (8,10,11).…”

Section: G Lucocorticoid [Gc; Corticosterone (Cs) In Rodents Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adrenal peripheral clock controls the autonomous circadian rhythm of glucocorticoid by causing rhythmic steroid production

Son

Chung

Choe

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

271

257

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Glucocorticoid (GC) is an adrenal steroid with diverse physiological effects. It undergoes a robust daily oscillation, which has been thought to be driven by the master circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus via the hypothalamuspituitary-adrenal axis. However, we show that the adrenal gland has its own clock and that the peripheral clockwork is tightly linked to steroidogenesis by the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein.Examination of mice with adrenal-specific knockdown of the canonical clock protein BMAL1 reveals that the adrenal clock machinery is required for circadian GC production. Furthermore, behavioral rhythmicity is drastically affected in these animals, together with altered expression of Period1, but not Period2, in several peripheral organs. We conclude that the adrenal peripheral clock plays an essential role in harmonizing the mammalian circadian timing system by generating a robust circadian GC rhythm.adrenal gland ͉ steroidogenic acute regulatory protein ͉ BMAL1

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“…The splanchnic nerve also seems to mediate changes in the sensitivity of the adrenal gland to ACTH, which modulate corticosterone production and release in a circadian fashion even when ACTH levels do not change (reviewed in [89,97,104]). …”

Section: Central Pacemaker Control Of Glucocorticoid Rhythmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucocorticoids and circadian clock control of cell proliferation: At the interface between three dynamic systems

Dickmeis

Foulkes

2011

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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The circadian clock, an endogenous timekeeper that regulates daily rhythms of physiology, also influences the dynamic release of glucocorticoids. The release of glucocorticoids is characteristically pulsatile and is further modulated in a circadian fashion. A circadian pacemaker in the brain regulates daily rhythms of hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system activity that both influence glucocorticoid release from the adrenal gland. This systemic regulation interacts with rhythms in the adrenal gland itself that are driven by its own circadian clock. One function of glucocorticoids is the regulation of cell proliferation. Depending on the tissue, this can involve both negative and positive regulation of a variety of processes, including cell differentiation and cell death. Cell proliferation is also under circadian control, and recent evidence suggests that this regulation may involve glucocorticoid signalling. Here, we review the dynamic processes participating in the interplay between the circadian clock, glucocorticoids and cell proliferation, and we discuss the potential implications for therapy.

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Adrenal splanchnic innervation contributes to the diurnal rhythm of plasma corticosterone in rats by modulating adrenal sensitivity to ACTH

Cited by 195 publications

References 37 publications

Chronic voluntary wheel running facilitates corticosterone response habituation to repeated audiogenic stress exposure in male rats

Chronic voluntary wheel running facilitates corticosterone response habituation to repeated audiogenic stress exposure in male rats

Adrenal peripheral clock controls the autonomous circadian rhythm of glucocorticoid by causing rhythmic steroid production

Glucocorticoids and circadian clock control of cell proliferation: At the interface between three dynamic systems

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