Adrenergic inducibility of AP‐1 binding in the rat pineal gland depends on prior photoperiod

Guillaumond, Fabienne; Becquet, Denis; Bosler, Olivier; François‐Bellan, Anne‐Marie

doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.01140.x

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…MA associated increases in neurotransmitters may in turn lead to transmitter receptor dependent increased gene transcription. This mechanism is supported by published studies in which catecholamines have been shown to increase MMP expression [33–36]. …”

Section: Mmp Levels May Be Substantially Elevated In the Setting supporting

confidence: 67%

Matrix Metalloproteinase Dependent Cleavage of Cell Adhesion Molecules in the Pathogenesis of CNS Dysfunction with HIV and Methamphetamine

Conant¹,

Lim²,

Randall³

et al. 2012

CHR

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Physiologically appropriate levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are likely important to varied aspects of CNS function. In particular, these enzymes may contribute to neuronal activity dependent synaptic plasticity and to cell mobility in processes including stem cell migration and immune surveillance. Levels of MMPs may, however, be substantially increased in the setting of HIV infection with methamphetamine abuse. Elevated MMP levels might in turn influence integrity of the blood brain barrier, as has been demonstrated in published work. Herein we suggest that elevated levels of MMPs can also contribute to microglial activation as well as neuronal and synaptic injury through a mechanism that involves cleavage of specific cell and synaptic adhesion molecules.

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Section: Mmp Levels May Be Substantially Elevated In the Setting supporting

confidence: 67%

Matrix Metalloproteinase Dependent Cleavage of Cell Adhesion Molecules in the Pathogenesis of CNS Dysfunction with HIV and Methamphetamine

Conant¹,

Lim²,

Randall³

et al. 2012

CHR

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“…[30] GABA B receptor agonists, however, minimally impact REM sleep while increasing slow-wave sleep, [59] leading to increased expression of genes [30] related to slow-wave sleep production and circadian rhythm function. [60] Conversely, GABA B receptor antagonists decrease overall sleep in rats, with particularly detrimental effects on slow-wave sleep. [61] Although GABA B receptor agonists have been associated with impaired cognition, [62] and GABA B receptor antagonists have been associated with improved cognition in rats, this effect might actually be due to GABA C receptor antagonist activity [61] and not mediated through GABA B receptors.…”

Section: Insomnia Related To Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

GABAB Receptors, Schizophrenia and Sleep Dysfunction

2009

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Evidence for an intrinsic relationship between sleep, cognition and the symptomatic manifestations of schizophrenia is accumulating. This review presents evidence for the possible utility of GABAB receptor agonists for the treatment of subjective and objective sleep abnormalities related to schizophrenia. At the phenotypic level, sleep disturbance occurs in 16–30% of patients with schizophrenia and is related to reduced quality of life and poor coping skills. On the neurophysiological level, studies suggest that sleep deficits reflect a core component of schizophrenia. Specifically, slow-wave sleep deficits, which are inversely correlated with cognition scores, are seen. Moreover, sleep plays an increasingly well documented role in memory consolidation in schizophrenia. Correlations of slow-wave sleep deficits with impaired reaction time and declarative memory have also been reported. Thus, both behavioural insomnia and sleep architecture are critical therapeutic targets in patients with schizophrenia. However, long-term treatment with antipsychotics often results in residual sleep dysfunction and does not improve slow-wave sleep, and adjunctive GABAA receptor modulators, such as benzodiazepines and zolpidem, can impair sleep architecture and cognition in schizophrenia. GABAB receptor agonists have therapeutic potential in schizophrenia. These agents have minimal effect on rapid eye movement sleep while increasing slow-wave sleep. Preclinical associations with increased expression of genes related to slow-wave sleep production and circadian rhythm function have also been reported. GABAB receptor deficits result in a sustained hyperdopaminergic state and can be reversed by a GABAB receptor agonist. Genetic, postmortem and electrophysiological studies also associate GABAB receptors with schizophrenia. While studies thus far have not shown significant effects, prior focus on the use of GABAB receptor agonists has been on the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, with minimal investigation of GABAB receptor agonists such as baclofen or γ-hydroxybutyric acid and their effects on sleep architecture, cognition and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Further study is needed.

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“…Thus, this study suggests that switching from CREB-1 to FRA-2 usage constitutes at least one aspect of terminal differentiation occurring during each cycle of ovarian activity, when the dominant follicle turns to become a secretory gland. In this respect it is interesting to note that functional pairing of FRA-2 and phospho-CREB action is also known to regulate circadian rhythm by exhibiting circadian fluctuations in the melatonin-secreting cells of the pineal gland (54,55). Therefore, it is not unlikely that pairing of CREB-1 and FRA-2 may represent a general mechanism to regulate genes in organs with a cyclical pattern of functionality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcription of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein in the Rodent Ovary and Placenta: Alternative Modes of Cyclic Adenosine 3′, 5′-Monophosphate Dependent and Independent Regulation

et al. 2009

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Steroid hormone synthesis is a vital function of the adrenal cortex, serves a critical role in gonadal function, and maintains pregnancy if normally executed in the placenta. The substrate for the synthesis of all steroid hormones is cholesterol, and its conversion to the first steroid, pregnenolone, by the cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 (CYP11A1) enzyme complex takes place in the inner mitochondrial membranes. Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) facilitates the rate-limiting transfer of cholesterol from the outer mitochondrial membrane to CYP11A1 located in the inner organelle membranes. The current study explored the mechanisms controlling transcription of the Star gene in primary cell cultures of mouse placental trophoblast giant cells and rat ovarian granulosa cells examined throughout the course of their functional differentiation. Our findings show that the cis-elements required for Star transcription in the rodent placenta and the ovary are centered in a relatively small proximal region of the promoter. In placental trophoblast giant cells, cAMP is required for activation of the Star promoter, and the cis-elements mediating a maximal response were defined as cAMP response element 2 and GATA. EMSA studies show that placental cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB)-1 and activating transcription factor-2 (ATF2) bind to a -81/-78 sequence, whereas GATA-2 binds to a -66/-61 sequence. In comparison, patterns of Star regulation in the ovary suggested tissue-specific and developmental controlled modes of Star transcription. During the follicular phase, FSH/cAMP induced CREB-1 dependent activity, whereas upon luteinization STAR expression becomes cAMP and CREB independent, a functional shift conferred by FOS-related antigen-2 displacement of CREB-1 binding, and the appearance of a new requirement for CCAAT enhancer-binding protein beta and steroidogenic factor 1 that bind to upstream elements (-117/-95). These findings suggest that during evolution, the promoters of the Star gene acquired nonconsensus sequence elements enabling expression of a single gene in different organs, or allowing dynamic temporal changes corresponding to progressing phases of differentiation in a given cell type.

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Adrenergic inducibility of AP‐1 binding in the rat pineal gland depends on prior photoperiod

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Matrix Metalloproteinase Dependent Cleavage of Cell Adhesion Molecules in the Pathogenesis of CNS Dysfunction with HIV and Methamphetamine

Matrix Metalloproteinase Dependent Cleavage of Cell Adhesion Molecules in the Pathogenesis of CNS Dysfunction with HIV and Methamphetamine

GABAB Receptors, Schizophrenia and Sleep Dysfunction

Transcription of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein in the Rodent Ovary and Placenta: Alternative Modes of Cyclic Adenosine 3′, 5′-Monophosphate Dependent and Independent Regulation

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